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Measurements of exercise‐induced metabolic changes, such as oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide exhalation or lactate concentration, are important indicators for assessing the current performance level of athletes in training science. With exercise‐limiting metabolic processes occurring in loaded muscles, 31P‐MRS represents a particularly powerful modality to identify and analyze corresponding training‐induced...
Purpose
The aim of the study was to examine pH heterogeneity during fatigue induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS). It is hypothesized that three pH components would occur in the 31P‐MRS during fatigue, representing three fiber types.
Methods
The medial gastrocnemius of eight subjects was stimulated within a 3‐Tesla whole...
High-harmonic generation (HHG) [1],[2] provides a coherent source of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to soft X-ray radiation in a relatively compact system. Since its first observations [3],[4], HHG has relied on high-energy, low repetition rate laser systems to provide the peak intensities needed for ionization of the gas target. The small conversion efficiency of the process, combined with the low repetition...
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