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By using first-principles calculations, the electronic properties and chemical activity of phosphorene under the strain and defect engineering are studied. Furthermore, the effects of engineering on the interactions of NO gas molecule and humidity (H2O) and air (O2) molecules with the phosphorene surface are investigated. It is found that phosphorene enables to withstand a large compressive strain,...
Fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) not only provides simplified supply chain management and lower cost structure, but also enables thinner profile and heterogeneous system integration. FOWLP is becoming increasingly significant and is projected to drive growth in advanced packaging for the foreseeable future. There are many different processing technologies for fabricating FOWLP. One common key...
Typical controlled collapse chip connection (C4) bump structurally composed of solder bump, Ni UBM and Cu/Ti sputtered film on the top side of Si wafer in which polyimide film patterned and coated onto wafer as a buffer layer between substrate and UBM for stress relief. C4 bump structure is widely used in high-performance device of semiconductor package industries for many years and has achieved good...
Depending on the material, the currently available wafer debonding mechanisms include thermal slide, peeling, or laser ablation. These all require physical exposure to the thinned device wafer. On the other hand, typical batch debonding requires chemical diffusion through a thin gap or perforated holes in the carrier, which is usually considered high cost and with extremely low throughput. In this...
A method to improve pattern critical dimension (CD) and reduce the metal residue level during gold (Au) and chrome (Cr) wet etch processes in MEMS devices is investigated. Instead of traditional single-step wet etch process, a multi-step wet etch method is used to etch Au with the etchant formulated by potassium iodide, iodine and deionized water (KI/I2/H2O). Compared with the single step wet etching...
In recent years, extraordinary bad and bad chemical accidents caused by hazardous chemicals leak become frequent in China, but fire brigades are very short of pressure emergency leakage sealing test device and simulated training device for response. Shanghai Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security has developed a set of multi-functional pressure emergency leakage sealing test and...
The formation of space charge in oil/paper insulation system can lead to material degradation in the high electric field region and affect system reliability. The solid insulation in transformer is difficult or can not to be replaced. The influence of paper ageing on space charge dynamics in oil/paper insulation system was analyzed in this paper. The accelerated thermal aging experiment of insulation...
The oxygen level, acidity and corrosivity of bio-oil were reduced by the extraction and separation of acetic and other carboxylic acids from bio-oil. The removal of carboxylic acid was verified by the increase in pH of the bio-oil from 2.52 to 5.47. The IR spectrum also shows that the carboxyl peak of bio-oil (1600 cm−1–1400cm−1) was much weaker after separation and upgrading. The aqueous phase separated...
It is introduced that China's newly developed a new type of natural fiber - the original bamboo fiber. The natural woven processing by the bamboo fabric is eco-friendly, green, natural, etc., and their products bring increasingly ardent attention on industry and social concerns. The article focuses on the natural bamboo fiber manufacturing methods, processes and supporting equipment. The preparation...
The composite photo catalyst of Fe3+-TiO2-zeolite is prepared in a bench scale, which is immobilized into a zeolite matrix by means of sol-gel technique. The oilfield wastewater in Huabei oilfield was chosen as the model pollutant to evaluate photo catalytic activity under the ultraviolet light and sunlight irradiation respectively, the possible mechanism of photo catalytic oxidation was deduced....
The experiments were carried out indoors to observe and analyze the variations of urease, catalase, and phosphatase activities in soil samples with presence of PFOA. The results showed that during the incubation period, the urease activity could be significantly inhibited over a selected range of PFOA concentrations. As for the catalase and the phosphatase activities, they were first stimulated and...
The research on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors is one of the hottest issues in sensor technology fields. The LSPR sensors have obvious technology advantages in physical and chemical, especially biological detection and analysis. This review introduces the theoretical model, fabrication and application of LSPR sensors. Meanwhile, the future development and commercial views of...
Using various gas sources, we modified Polybutylene succinate (PBSu) surface with plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) uniformly. The results show that oxygen and nitrogen groups are generated on PBSu surface after undergoing O2 and N2 PIII respectively. PBSu surface is more hydrophilic after these treatments. The cell experimental results also indicate that osteoblasts adhesion and proliferation...
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