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The underground metropolitan transport network of London is not only the oldest worldwide, but also one of the busiest, serving approximately a billion passengers annually. Both of these characteristics induce an accelerating necessity for new infrastructure as well as maintenance and rehabilitation of the present infrastructure, which of course includes the upgrading and extension of existing underground...
Although Eurocode 7 does not mention tunnelling explicitly it is under discussion amongst practitioners to what extent the principles of EC7 can be applied to the design of tunnels. In EC7 three different design approaches, which differ in the application of partial factors on actions, soil strength and resistance, have been established. A characteristic feature of tunnelling is that the surrounding...
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