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Mesenchymal progenitor cells known as multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been isolated from various tissues. Since they are able to differentiate along the mesenchymal lineages of cartilage and bone, they are regarded as promising sources for the treatment of skeletal defects. Tissue regeneration in the adult organism and in vitro engineering of tissues is hypothesized...
Technical aspects play an important role in tissue engineering. Especially an improved design of bioreactors is crucial for cultivation of artificial three-dimensional tissues in vitro. Here formation of cartilage-carrier-constructs is used to demonstrate that the quality of the tissue can be significantly improved by using optimized culture conditions (oxygen concentration, growth factor combination)...
Mammalian cell culture technology has become a major field in modern biotechnology, especially in the area of human health and fascinating developments achieved in the past decades are impressive examples of an interdisciplinary interplay between medicine, biology and engineering. Among the classical products from cells we find viral vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and interferons, as well as recombinant...
The specific characteristics of mammalian cells discussed in Chap. 2 require adapted solutions for bioreactor design and operation. Especially, cell damage by shear stress and aeration has to be considered. Therefore this chapter starts with a detailed discussion of shear stress effects on mammalian cells (anchorage-dependent and suspendable cells) in model systems and bioreactors, respectively, and...
This chapter aims at presenting a general overview on the specific characteristics of mammalian cells to those not familiar with cell biology. At first, differences between mammalian cells, plant cells and microbes are discussed. Then consequences for design of bioreactors and processes are also discussed. Different types of mammalian cells (primary cells, permanent (established) cell lines, hybridom...
Design and selection of cell culture bioreactors are affected by cell-specific demands, engineering aspects, as well as economic and regulatory considerations. Mainly, special demands such as gentle agitation and aeration without cell damage, a well controlled environment, low levels of toxic metabolites, high cell and product concentrations, optimized medium utilization, surface for adherent cells,...
The aim of the current study was to identify molecular markers for articular cartilage (AC) that can be used as tools for the quality control of tissue engineered (TE) cartilage.A genome-wide expression analysis was performed using RNA isolated from articular and growth plate (GP) cartilage, both extracted from the knee joints of 6 weeks old minipigs. After confirming the specific expression for selected...
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