Search results for: Laura M. Betancourt

Items from 1 to 15 out of 15 results

article

Disentangling longitudinal relations between youth cannabis use, peer cannabis use, and conduct problems: developmental cascading links to cannabis use disorder

Ivy N. Defoe, Atika Khurana, Laura M. Betancourt, Hallam Hurt, more

Aims To determine whether cannabis use during adolescence can increase risk not only for cannabis use disorder (CUD) but also for conduct problems, potentially mediated by exposure to peers who use cannabis. Design, Setting, Participants Longitudinal study analyzing four waves of longitudinal data from 364 racially and socio‐economically diverse, urban, US community youth (at baseline: M_age = 13...

article

Modeling Trajectories of Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity Dimensions from Early to Late Adolescence: Universal Trends or Distinct Sub-groups?

Atika Khurana, Daniel Romer, Laura M. Betancourt, Hallam Hurt

Journal of Youth and Adolescence > 2018 > 47 > 9 > 1992-2005

Developmental imbalance models attribute the rise in risk-taking during adolescence to a universal imbalance between rising reward sensitivity and lagging cognitive control. This study tested predictions of an alternate Lifespan Wisdom Model that distinguishes between exploratory/adaptive (e.g., sensation seeking) and maladaptive (e.g., acting-without-thinking, delay discounting) risk-taking propensities...

article

Working memory ability and early drug use progression as predictors of adolescent substance use disorders

Atika Khurana, Daniel Romer, Laura M. Betancourt, Hallam Hurt

Addiction > 112 > 7 > 1220 - 1228

Aims To test a neurobehavioral model of adolescent substance use disorder (SUD) resulting from an imbalance between a hyperactive reward motivation system and a hypoactive executive control system. Specifically, we tested (1) if early weakness in working memory (WM) and associated imbalance indicators of acting‐without‐thinking (AWT) and delay discounting (DD) predict SUD in late adolescence and...

article

Effect of socioeconomic status (SES) disparity on neural development in female African‐American infants at age 1 month

Laura M. Betancourt, Brian Avants, Martha J. Farah, Nancy L. Brodsky, more

Developmental Science > 19 > 6 > 947 - 956

There is increasing interest in both the cumulative and long‐term impact of early life adversity on brain structure and function, especially as the brain is both highly vulnerable and highly adaptive during childhood. Relationships between SES and neural development have been shown in children older than age 2 years. Less is known regarding the impact of SES on neural development in children before...

article

Socioeconomic (SES) differences in language are evident in female infants at 7months of age

Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, Hallam Hurt

Early Human Development > 2015 > 91 > 12 > 719-724

Language skills, strongly linked to academic success, are known to differ by socioeconomic status (SES), with lower SES individuals performing less well than higher SES.To examine the effect of SES on infant language at 7months of age and the relationship between maternal vocabulary skills and infant language function. To determine if the relationships between SES and infant language are mediated...

article

Stronger Working Memory Reduces Sexual Risk Taking in Adolescents, Even After Controlling for Parental Influences

Atika Khurana, Daniel Romer, Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, more

Child Development > 86 > 4 > 1125 - 1141

This study examined the prospective influence of adolescent working memory (WM) on changes in impulsivity and sexual risk taking and assessed whether this relation could be explained by confounding effects of parental influences. Data from 360 community adolescents (M_age = 13.5 ± 0.95 years; 52% female; 56% non‐Hispanic White; low‐mid socioeconomic status (SES); recruited from Philadelphia area in...

article

Mapping the Trajectory of Socioeconomic Disparity in Working Memory: Parental and Neighborhood Factors

Daniel A. Hackman, Laura M. Betancourt, Robert Gallop, Daniel Romer, more

Child Development > 85 > 4 > 1433 - 1445

Working memory (WM) is positively correlated with socioeconomic status (SES). It is not clear, however, if SES predicts the rate of WM development over time or whether SES effects are specific to family rather than neighborhood SES. A community sample of children (n = 316) enrolled between ages 10 and 13 completed four annual assessments of WM. Lower parental education, but not neighborhood disadvantage,...

chapter

Cortical parcellation for neonatal brains

Jue Wu, Manzar Ashtari, Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, more

2014 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) > 1377 - 1380

2014 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2014)

In the absence of a neonatal template with cortical subregion labels, it can be extremely difficult to obtain cortical parcellation of new neonatal brain images automatically. This paper addresses this problem by utilizing adult templates with rich cortical annotation and a neonatal template with simple tissue labels. Theoretical feasibility is assured because of the preservation of brain putative...

article

The effect of socioeconomic status on the language outcome of preterm infants at toddler age

Katherine T. Wild, Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, Hallam Hurt

Early Human Development > 2013 > 89 > 9 > 743-746

Independently, both prematurity and low socioeconomic status (SES) compromise language outcome but less is known regarding the effects of low SES on outcome of prior preterm infants at toddler age.To assess SES effects on the language outcome of prior preterm infants at toddler age.Retrospective chart review of infants born at ≤32weeks, matched for gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), chronic...

article

Working memory ability predicts trajectories of early alcohol use in adolescents: the mediational role of impulsivity

Atika Khurana, Dan Romer, Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, more

Addiction > 108 > 3 > 506 - 515

Aims(i) To evaluate the role of pre‐existing weakness in working memory ability (WM) as a risk factor for early alcohol use as mediated by different forms of impulsivity and (ii) to assess the adverse effects of progressive alcohol use on variations in WM over time. Design, setting and participantsA community sample of 358 adolescents [48% males, mean_age(baseline) = 11.4 ± 0.87 years] from a longitudinal...

article

Suicidal Ideation and Self-Harm Behavior in a Community Sample of Preadolescent Youth: A Case-Control Study

Mariel M. Giannetta, Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, Matthew B. Wintersteen, more

Journal of Adolescent Health > 2012 > 50 > 5 > 524-526

Research has focused on understanding risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviors in older youth, but less is known regarding these behaviors in preadolescents. We examined characteristics associated with suicidal ideation and self-harm behavior in youth aged 10–13 years. A community sample of 387 youth was enrolled in a prospective study assessing precursors of risk...

article

Is Executive Cognitive Function Associated with Youth Gambling?

Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, Caitlin A. Brown, Kathleen A. McKenna, more

Journal of Gambling Studies > 2012 > 28 > 2 > 225-238

Our objectives for this report were to identify trajectories of youth gambling behavior, and to examine their relation to executive cognitive function (ECF) and associated problem behaviors. Philadelphia school children, enrolled at ages 10–12 years (n = 387; 49% male), completed three annual assessments of risk behaviors, ECF, impulsivity, problem behaviors and demographics. Across ages 10–15 years,...

article

Does adolescent risk taking imply weak executive function? A prospective study of relations between working memory performance, impulsivity, and risk taking in early adolescence

Daniel Romer, Laura M. Betancourt, Nancy L. Brodsky, Joan M. Giannetta, more

Developmental Science > 14 > 5 > 1119 - 1133

Studies of brain development suggest that the increase in risk taking observed during adolescence may be due to insufficient prefrontal executive function compared to a more rapidly developing subcortical motivation system. We examined executive function as assessed by working memory ability in a community sample of youth (n = 387, ages 10 to 12 at baseline) in three annual assessments to determine...

article

Adolescents with and without gestational cocaine exposure: Longitudinal analysis of inhibitory control, memory and receptive language

Laura M. Betancourt, Wei Yang, Nancy L. Brodsky, Paul R. Gallagher, more

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 2011 > 33 > 1 > 36-46

Preclinical studies of gestational cocaine exposure (GCE) show evidence of changes in brain function at the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral levels, to include effects on developing dopaminergic systems. In contrast, human studies have produced less consistent results, with most showing small effects or no effects on developmental outcomes. Important changes in brain structure and function...

article

Children with and without gestational cocaine exposure: A neurocognitive systems analysis

Hallam Hurt, Laura M. Betancourt, Elsa K. Malmud, David M. Shera, more

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 2009 > 31 > 6 > 334-341

Concern for effects of gestational cocaine exposure (GCE) on human neurocognitive (NC) development is based on effects of cocaine on blood flow to the fetus and impact of cocaine on developing monoaminergic systems. GCE has been shown to affect language, attention and perceptual reasoning skills.Our objective was to investigate effects of GCE on 7 NC systems, assessed behaviorally in middle school-aged,...

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