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Assessment of habitat thresholds is a topical issue in ecology, both from theoretical and applied perspectives. We examined how forest structure influences selection of breeding habitat in the Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris). It is an old-growth forest passerine, which can be considered an umbrella species. Habitat selection data, covering five breeding seasons, were collected from a study...
. We analysed whether annual survival of male Tengmalm's owls in western Finland varies according to changes in the abundance of their main prey, Microtus voles. Our analyses were based on capture-recapture data over five 3-year population cycles of voles from 1981to 1995, each cycle consisting of consecutive years of low, increasing and decreasing vole abundance. Survival estimates of males in the...
Nest predation and its avoidance are critical components of an individual's fitness and play an important role in life history evolution. Almost all studies on this topic have been observational, and thus have not been able to separate the effects of individual quality, habitat selection and predation risk of given nest sites from each other. More experimental studies on nest predation and breeding...
It is well known that a number of activities related to reproduction can increase the predation risk for individuals. Both in the aviary and in the field, we studied whether maturity of female field voles (Microtus agrestis) affected their behaviour and consequently their risk of predation by Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius funereus). In an aviary, we recorded the behaviour of mature and immature voles...
Abstract Infectious diseases are expected to negatively influence essential life history traits of an individual, because investment in immunological response occurs at the expense of reduced investment in other functions. Here we present the first observational evidence that the prevalence of blood parasites is negatively associated with avian nest defense. Because the defense of offspring entails...
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