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Vehicular cloud is getting significant research attention due to the technological advancements in smart vehicles. In near future, vehicles are envisioned to become part of a grid network providing cloud services, such as computing, storage, network, and application as a service. Vehicular cloud computing is an emerging area, designed to support delay-sensitive applications. However, this integration...
In the IP-over-WDM networks, there are the mainly following four reasons for high energy consumption. Firstly, and most importantly, cooling of the IT equipment takes huge chunk from overall energy consumption. Secondly, over provisioning leads to redundant devices at all time. Thirdly, deployed networks are designed without consideration of energy. Lastly, data packet are routed without taking care...
For energy-efficient resource management, void node avoidance is one of the key objectives in the energy constrained underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). In this paper, we propose two new routing protocols for the UWSN which is one of the end parts of a cloud. The first protocol is avoiding void node with adaptive hop-by-hop vector based forwarding (AVN-AHH-VBF), and the second is cooperation-based...
In this paper, we propose a routing protocol AVN-AHH-VBF for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Sensor nodes forward data packets in multi-hop fashion within a virtual pipeline. As nodes outside pipeline do not forward data packets, thus, flooding is avoided in the network. Mitigating flooding in network, in turn, decreases energy consumption and improves delivery ratio. Moreover, on each...
In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) nodes are equipped with limited battery power and battery replacement is expensive due to underwater harsh environment. Therefore, we propose EBECRP an energy Efficient and Balanced Energy consumption Cluster based Routing Protocol for UWSNs. In depth base routing protocols nodes near the sink (low depth nodes) die in no time because of high load. We...
Energy is a main issue in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The wireless sensor nodes in underwater network have limited source of energy (batteries) and replacement of their batteries is very difficult and costly. Hence, energy efficiency has always remained as a major concern in UWSNs. Moreover the variation in energy consumption of nodes reduces the network lifetime and creates network...
In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), reliability is an important factor which effects the overall performance of the network. As the underwater environment is noisy and due to multipath fading and poor link quality, the reliability of the network and data integrity is affected. With cooperative routing, the reliability and the integrity of the data is improved. In this paper two relay nodes...
Recently, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) gained much attention of researcher due to its usefulness. Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, radio waves are not suitable for UWSNs due to harsh underwater environment. However, acoustic signals gained advantage over the radio waves for underwater communication. UWSNs have distinct characteristics i.e., high propagation delay, low frequency,...
Underwater environment has very unique characteristics. Reliable and efficient communication between sensor nodes is very challenging. Firstly, because radio waves can not work well in such environment, so we use acoustic communication. Secondly, acoustic communication is very slower than radio communication. Moreover environment is very dynamic, which changes topology of network. Due to these reasons...
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