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Natural killer (NK) cells are important innate effector cells that are well described in their ability to kill virally-infected cells and tumors. However, there is increasing appreciation for the role of NK cells in the control of other pathogens, including intracellular parasites such as Plasmodium, the cause of malaria. NK cells may be beneficial during the early phase of Plasmodium infection—prior...
When T cells respond to infectious agents, they differentiate into effector and memory cells. In this issue of Cell, Smith et al. use a genetic “time-stamping” method to show that the developmental time the T cell arises—near birth or as an adult—dictates what type of T effector or memory cell results.
Cerebral malaria is a deadly complication of Plasmodium infection and involves blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption following infiltration of white blood cells. During experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected red blood cells develop a fatal CM-like disease caused by CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology. We found that treatment with interleukin-15 complex...
The CD8 + memory T cell population is heterogeneous, and it is unclear which subset(s) optimally mediate the central goal of the immune system—protection against infection. Here we investigate the protective capacities of CD8 + T cell subsets present at the memory stage of the immune response. We show that a population of CD8 + T cells bearing markers associated with effector...
Naïve T cells are typically considered to be in a default state of quiescence, whereas memory T cells undergo basal proliferation and quickly exhibit effector responses when stimulated. Over the past few years, however, a more complex picture has emerged, with evidence that naïve T cell quiescence is actively enforced, and that heterogeneity among naïve T cells influences their capacity to escape...
Activated CD8 + T cells can differentiate into transient effector cells or long-lived memory cells. In this issue of Immunity, Joshi et al. (2007) suggest that inflammatory cytokines dictate this balance by regulating the expression of the transcription factor T-bet.
Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity is essential for clearance of primary LCMV infection. BALB/c-perforin-deficient (PKO) mice survived LCMV infection by deleting NP 118 -specific CD8 + T cells whereas vaccination of PKO mice with Listeria expressing NP 118 generated a stable memory CD8 + T cell population. However, >85% of vaccinated BALB/c-PKO mice...
Loading of peptides onto major histocompatibility complex class I molecules involves a multifactorial complex that includes tapasin (TPN), a membrane protein that tethers empty class I glycoproteins to the transporter associated with antigen processing. To evaluate the in vivo role of TPN, we have generated Tpn mutant mice. In these animals, most class I molecules exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)...
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