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Background Longer life expectancy is associated with an increasing prevalence of kidney disease. Aging itself may cause renal damage, but the spectrum of kidney disorders that affect elderly patients is diverse. Few studies, mostly form US, Asia and West Europe found differences in the prevalence of some types of kidney diseases between elderly and younger patients based on renal biopsy findings,...
Many authors have questioned the gross anatomy of the septal papillary muscle of the conus known as the papillary muscle complex (PMC) during the past century. An anatomical investigation was conducted to identify the morphology and the topography of the PMC. Our study involved 200 formalin fixed adult human hearts. The PMC was present in 82% of the hearts, while in the remaining 18% of specimens,...
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