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Methanol has many advantages, such as safe for storage and transportation and low reforming temperature. Methanol can be use to provide hydrogen for fuel cell. In this research, the multifunction micro-sensors are integrated using the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology for the in-situ monitoring of temperature, flow and pressure within micro reformer. The multifunction micro-sensors...
Polymer lithium-ion batteries must rapidly charge and discharge, rapidly increasing their inner temperature. This heating raises a safety issue. Therefore, a flexible micro temperature sensor for the in-situ monitoring of temperature within a polymer lithium-ion battery must be developed. Traditional thermocouples are too large to be used to measure temperature inside polymer lithium-ion batteries...
Temperature, flow and pressure are critical parameters that influence the performance of fuel cells, in terms of potential, current and power density, for example. Hence, the monitoring of non-uniform temperature/flow rate/pressure within a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is crucial. To prevent degradation of the performance of a PEMFC, the size of sensors is reduced herein to a µm scale...
Mass production of micro-reformers raises various problems still unsolved, such as the evaluation of their internal temperature and flow rate. Such issues influence the efficiency of micro reformers. To our knowledge, no investigation has elucidated the internal operation of micro reformers. Hence, this work fabricates micro flow sensors on a flexible substrate using the micro-electro-mechanical systems...
Pressure and flow rate are critical parameters associated with the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Fuel cell flooding can be diagnosed by monitoring pressure drops. Flow rate is related to optimized operation of fuel cells and fuel cell aging. Previous research measured pressures at the flow channel inlet and outlet. However, determining the pressure distribution and flow...
In this work, flexible micro-sensors were integrated in a fuel cell using the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) process for in situ monitoring of temperature and voltage distributions in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The greatest advantages of temperature and voltage micro-sensors are their flexibility, resistance to breakage, and resistance to electrochemical corrosion. The development...
This investigation presents a novel flexible measurement device for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This device can measure temperature and the humidity distribution with in a PEMFC. This device has three pieces, each with several sensors, installed in the upstream, midstream and downstream parts of a PEMFC. These sensors are inserted separately above the flow channels. When the...
Fuel cells will be applied extensively in the future as renewable energy sources, explaining why a considerable amount of research has addressed this topic. However, among the various problems encountered in the mass production of fuel cells that have yet to be solved include those associated with the bipolar plate, flow channel, catalyst, membrane electrode assembly (MEA), gas diffusion layer (GDL)...
The production of useable energy is today a global issue and the search for alternative energy sources is very challenging. Therefore, scientists have' tried hard to identify new alternative energy sources. Fuel cells have potential as an indispensable source of electrical power. However, the mass production of fuel cells encounters various problems, which are yet to be solved, such as determining...
Among those problems regarding use of micro reformers that have not yet been solved include reducing their size, decreasing the amount of CO and combining the fuel cell, among others. Therefore, in this work, a micro temperature sensor and a heater are combined inside a stainless steel-based micro reformer to measure the temperature, to improve performance and minimize the concentration of CO. Micro-electro-mechanical-systems...
In this study, micro flexible temperature sensor arrays were designed and fabricated on parylene thin film. The flexible parylene thin film was inserted into the micro temperature sensors using the micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) fabrication process. The flexible micro sensor array was covered with two pieces of parylene thin film that was etched by reactive ion etching (RIE) to uncover the...
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