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Airborne ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements of temperate ice are a challenge because of absorption, internal scattering, and surface roughness. We found that at center frequencies of 30 MHz or below effects of scattering and roughness are sufficiently reduced to produce good quality radar data. The 30 MHz helicopter radar system BGR-P30 is able to penetrate temperate ice to more than 700...
We use a combined allostratigraphic and morpholithostratigraphic approach to establish a relative stratigraphy of macroscale sediment-landform units in the Mediterranean Palancia River watershed (986-km 2 , NE Spain). Four alloformations signifying important changes in (sub)regional scale geomorphic valley-floor evolution were identified based on data from 1120 field sites and age determinations,...
Airborne ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements of geological structures and of temperate ice are a challenge because of absorption, internal scattering, and surface roughness. We found that at center frequencies of 30 MHz or below effects of scattering and roughness are sufficiently reduced to produce good quality radar data. We report results and penetration depths of recent helicopter measurements...
The most important parameter affecting ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements is the complex effective relative permittivity ɛ r,eff* because it controls the propagation velocity and the reflection of GPR pulses. Knowing ɛ r,eff* of soils passed through by electromagnetic waves increases accuracy in soil thickness and interface identification. Complex effective relative permittivity ɛ r,eff...
Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits (PPSD) almost completely cover the mountainous regions of Germany and are the parent material for soil formation. It is therefore necessary to map their thickness and spatial distribution. The mapping of periglacial slope deposits can be performed more quickly than conventional probing by drilling or soil profile analysis if ground penetrating radar (GPR) is...
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