Search results for: Alexandre Courtiol

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Diurnal pastoralism does not reduce juvenile recruitment nor elevate allostatic load in spotted hyenas

Arjun Dheer, Eve Davidian, Alexandre Courtiol, Liam D. Bailey, more

Journal of Animal Ecology > 91 > 11 > 2289 - 2300

Anthropogenic activity can have substantial effects on wildlife. These effects may vary according to the characteristics of the activity and the species involved. Although effects on behaviour are well studied, studies of effects on fitness and physiology are scarce, particularly for group‐living species. We exploited a natural experimental setup to investigate the effect of diurnal pastoralism...

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Sex‐specific spatial variation in fitness in the highly dimorphic Leucadendron rubrum

Jeanne Tonnabel, Etienne K. Klein, Ophélie Ronce, Sylvie Oddou‐Muratorio, more

Molecular Ecology > 30 > 7 > 1721 - 1735

Sexual dimorphism in plants may emerge as a result of sex‐specific selection on traits enhancing access to nutritive resources and/or to sexual partners. Here we investigated sex‐specific differences in selection of sexually dimorphic traits and in the spatial distribution of effective fecundity (our fitness proxy) in a highly dimorphic dioecious wind‐pollinated shrub, Leucadendron rubrum. In particular,...

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Identifying migratory pathways of Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) using stable hydrogen and strontium isotopes

Cecilia Kruszynski, Liam D. Bailey, Alexandre Courtiol, Lothar Bach, more

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry > 35 > 6 > n/a - n/a

Rationale Identifying migratory corridors of animals is essential for their effective protection, yet the exact location of such corridors is often unknown, particularly for elusive animals such as bats. While migrating along the German coastline, Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) are regularly killed at wind turbines. Therefore, we explored the paths taken on their annual journey....

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Fragmentation of lead-free and lead-based hunting rifle bullets under real life hunting conditions in Germany

Anna Lena Trinogga, Alexandre Courtiol, Oliver Krone

Ambio > 2019 > 48 > 9 > 1056-1064

As lead is a heavy metal showing high toxicity for many organisms, its entry in the ecosystem should be minimised. Nevertheless, considerable quantities are deposited in the environment via hunting ammunition. Such practice is responsible for the occurrence of lead poisoning in many wildlife species and represents a health risk to humans. We assess the differences in the fragmentation patterns of...

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Sickness‐induced lethargy can increase host contact rates and pathogen spread in water‐limited landscapes

Mathias Franz, Stephanie Kramer‐Schadt, Alex D. Greenwood, Alexandre Courtiol, more

Functional Ecology > 32 > 9 > 2194 - 2204

Severe infections in vertebrates commonly elicit sickness behaviour that includes anorexia and lethargy. Intuitively, sickness‐induced lethargy (SIL) should reduce contact among hosts. Therefore, for directly transmitted pathogens, sickness behaviour should reduce pathogen spread. However, there are indications that the relationship between SIL and host contact rates can be reversed under specific...

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Mate choice intensifies motor signalling in Drosophila

Allan Debelle, Alexandre Courtiol, Michael G. Ritchie, Rhonda R. Snook

Animal Behaviour > 2017 > 133 > C > 169-187

Mate choice has the potential to act on the evolution of motor performance via its direct influence on motor sexual signals. However, studies demonstrating this are rare. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of Drosophila pseudoobscura courtship song rate, a motor signal under mate choice in this species, and analysed the response of this signal to sexual selection manipulation using experimental...

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Very high MHC Class IIB diversity without spatial differentiation in the mediterranean population of greater Flamingos

Mark A. F. Gillingham, Arnaud Béchet, Alexandre Courtiol, Manuel Rendón-Martos, more

BMC Evolutionary Biology > 2017 > 17 > 1 > 1-10

Background Selective pressure from pathogens is thought to shape the allelic diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in vertebrates. In particular, both local adaptation to pathogens and gene flow are thought to explain a large part of the intraspecific variation observed in MHC allelic diversity. To date, however, evidence that adaptation to locally prevalent pathogens maintains...

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The summary‐likelihood method and its implementation in the Infusion package

François Rousset, Alexandre Gouy, Camille Martinez‐Almoyna, Alexandre Courtiol

Molecular Ecology Resources > 17 > 1 > 110 - 119

In recent years, simulation methods such as approximate Bayesian computation have extensively been used to infer parameters of population genetic models where the likelihood is intractable. We describe an alternative approach, summary likelihood, that provides a likelihood‐based analysis of the information retained in the summary statistics whose distribution is simulated. We provide an automated...

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Impact of enrichment conditions on cross‐species capture of fresh and degraded DNA

Johanna L. A. Paijmans, Joerns Fickel, Alexandre Courtiol, Michael Hofreiter, more

Molecular Ecology Resources > 16 > 1 > 42 - 55

By combining high‐throughput sequencing with target enrichment (‘hybridization capture’), researchers are able to obtain molecular data from genomic regions of interest for projects that are otherwise constrained by sample quality (e.g. degraded and contamination‐rich samples) or a lack of a priori sequence information (e.g. studies on nonmodel species). Despite the use of hybridization capture in...

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The relevance of the side-view in body image scales for public health: an example from two African populations

Emmanuel Cohen, Amadou Ndao, Gilles Boëtsch, Lamine Gueye, more

BMC Public Health > 2015 > 15 > 1 > 1-9

Background Body size scales are a common method for diagnosing body image disturbances and assessing the cultural valorisation of stoutness, a phenomenon that plays a role in the development of overweight, especially among African populations. Traditionally, body size scales present a front view. In this study, we evaluated a complementary model of representing body shape: the side view of body outlines...

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Circulating white blood cell counts in captive and wild rodents are influenced by body mass rather than testes mass, a correlate of mating promiscuity

Jundong Tian, Alexandre Courtiol, Karin Schneeberger, Alex D. Greenwood, more

Functional Ecology > 29 > 6 > 823 - 829

Comparative studies of captive primates and carnivores have shown a positive correlation between total white blood cell (WBC) counts and the level of inferred mating promiscuity (e.g. using testes mass). This correlation has been interpreted to support the ‘sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)’ hypothesis, which states that differential spread of STDs is caused by variation in mating behaviour...

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Effects of remarriage after widowhood on long-term fitness in a monogamous historical human population

Jenni E Pettay, Anna Rotkirch, Alexandre Courtiol, Markus Jokela, more

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology > 2014 > 68 > 1 > 135-143

The fitness benefits of multiple mating determine the strength of sexual selection in each sex. This is traditionally quantified by the number of offspring born to once versus multiply mated individuals. In species with (bi)parental care, however, this measure may overestimate the benefits of multiple mating since having several mates can increase offspring number but decrease offspring quality. We...

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A novel framework to study colour signalling to multiple species

Julien P. Renoult, Alexandre Courtiol, H. Martin Schaefer, Kevin McGraw

Functional Ecology > 27 > 3 > 718 - 729

The overwhelming focus of studies on communication has been on interactions among conspecifics. However, communication is often selected by a complex network of disparate intended perceivers and eavesdroppers belonging to multiple species. Shifting towards a multiple‐perceiver paradigm requires a framework to compare the perception of signals across the different community members. Here, we present...

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The Demographic Transition Influences Variance in Fitness and Selection on Height and BMI in Rural Gambia

Alexandre Courtiol, Ian J. Rickard, Virpi Lummaa, Andrew M. Prentice, more

Current Biology > 2013 > 23 > 10 > 884-889

Recent human history is marked by demographic transitions characterized by declines in mortality and fertility [1]. By influencing the variance in those fitness components, demographic transitions can affect selection on other traits [2]. Parallel to changes in selection triggered by demography per se, relationships between fitness and anthropometric traits are also expected to change due to modification...

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Short stature in African pygmies is not explained by sexual selection

Noémie S.A. Becker, Priscille Touraille, Alain Froment, Evelyne Heyer, more

Evolution and Human Behavior > 2012 > 33 > 6 > 615-622

African pygmies' short stature has been studied for more than a century, but the evolution of this extreme phenotype remains unknown. The present study tests the hypothesis that sexual selection, through preference for short partners, may have contributed to the evolution of pygmies' stature. We gathered anthropometric and familial data from 72 Baka pygmy couples and 27 neighboring Nzimé nonpygmy...

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MATE CHOICE AND HUMAN STATURE: HOMOGAMY AS A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING MATING PREFERENCES

Alexandre Courtiol, Michel Raymond, Bernard Godelle, Jean‐Baptiste Ferdy

Evolution > 64 > 8 > 2189 - 2203

Assortative mating for human height has long attracted interest in evolutionary biology, and the phenomenon has been demonstrated in numerous human populations. It is often argued that mating preferences generate this pattern, but other processes can also induce trait correlations between mates. Here, we present a methodology tailored to quantify continuous preferences based on choice experiments...

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Height and body mass influence on human body outlines: A quantitative approach using an elliptic Fourier analysis

Alexandre Courtiol, Jean Baptiste Ferdy, Bernard Godelle, Michel Raymond, more

American Journal of Physical Anthropology > 142 > 1 > 22 - 29

Many studies use representations of human body outlines to study how individual characteristics, such as height and body mass, affect perception of body shape. These typically involve reality‐based stimuli (e.g., pictures) or manipulated stimuli (e.g., drawings). These two classes of stimuli have important drawbacks that limit result interpretations. Realistic stimuli vary in terms of traits that...

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Birth order affects behaviour in the investment game: firstborns are less trustful and reciprocate less

Alexandre Courtiol, Michel Raymond, Charlotte Faurie

Animal Behaviour > 2009 > 78 > 6 > 1405-1411

Explaining the behavioural variations observed between individuals is an important step for understanding the evolution of human cooperation and personality traits. Birth order is a potentially important variable that implies physical and cognitive differences between siblings and differential access to parental resources during childhood. These differences have been shown to influence several personality...

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