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From the point of view of the new concept of global tectonics, oceanic fracture zones consist of one or more transform faults. Their geomorphological descriptions were given for the first time in (Wilson 1965; Menard 1966; Menard and Chase 1970). The authors defined the transform faults as long narrow zones of strongly rugged bottom topography characterized by the existence of linear forms that usually...
In this chapter we assume Wüst’s (1936) sense of Antarctic Bottom Water propagation. In other words, this is the bottom water of the Antarctic rather than North Atlantic origin. However there is no generally accepted isotherm or value of any characteristics in literature for the upper boundary of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Equatorial and North Atlantic. Therefore, it is essential that quantitative...
The Southern Ocean and Antarctic Circumpolar Current isolate the Antarctic continent from other regions of the Earth. Thus, conditions in the study region provide the formation of a special water structure around Antarctica, whereas water structure in the northern regions is determined by interactions between waters of the North Atlantic and those of Arctic origin.
In the winter period, cold dense water is formed in the Norwegian and Greenland seas due to severe cooling and intense heat release to the atmosphere. The water mass from the Greenland Sea overflows the shallow threshold between Greenland and Iceland and flows into the Irminger Basin. The water mass from the Norwegian Sea overflows the threshold between Iceland, Faeroe, and Shetland Islands and flows...
Generally, propagation of Antarctic waters in the bottom layer of the Atlantic Ocean is confined to depressions in the bottom topography. The general flow of these waters can be presented as follows (Fig. 3.1).
The zonally aligned Rio Grande Rise separates the Argentine Basin in the south from the Brazil Basin in the north. It is a high topographic obstacle for bottom water propagation to the north. Two meridional gaps intersect the Rise at ~39° W and ~28° W (Vema and Hunter channels, respectively). The depth in the Vema Channel exceeds 4,600 m as compared to the background depths of 4,200 m. The Hunter...
This book is dedicated to the study of structure and transport of deep and bottom waters through underwater channels of the Atlantic Ocean. The study is based on recent observations, analysis of historical data, and literature review. A strong flow of Antarctic Bottom Water from the Argentine Basin to the Brazil Basin through the Vema Channel (32-27 S) is studied on the basis of CTD sections combined...
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