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Ammonia is essential in obtaining fertilizers like urea and NPK, which is produced from nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen can be extracted from atmospheric air and hydrogen is extracted from natural gas or naphtha, where carbon and hydrogen are in the ratio of 5.45:1. Naphtha contains organic and inorganic sulphur. Hydrogen desulphurization process reduces sulphur content in naphtha as sulphur forms...
This paper emphasizes Intravenous fluid monitoring (IV) using load cell and heart beat sensors. Intravenous therapy is a typical method of treatment which may be used for better modification of electrolyte imbalances in the body, to deliver medications, for transfusion of blood or fluid injection. The proposed method lowers chance of heart attack due to air embolism and reduces difficulties involved...
This paper aims at giving an overview of implementing safety and security systems in automobiles for today and future development. In today's emerging world, technologies are booming at every places to nourish our humanity. There has been enormous advancement in automobile technologies over past and still to come. However accidents are still happening around us, especially where roads are not laid...
Level is one of the important parameters to be controlled in process control systems, irrigation and in industries. The process industries require liquids to be pumped, stored in tanks and then pumped to another tank. In agriculture, the level of the water must be controlled for irrigation in order to protect the plants. Always level of fluids in tanks must be controlled and the flow between tanks...
A time-optimal control for set point changes and an adaptive control for process parameter variations using neural network for a non-linear conical tank level process are proposed in this work. Time-optimal level control was formulated using dynamic programming algorithm and basic properties of the solutions were analysed. It was found that the control is of bang–bang type and there is only one switching...
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