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Antenna characterization is usually performed by antenna pattern measurements in an anechoic chamber. Subsequently, a conducted test, the Radiated Two-Stage (RTS) or the Wireless-Cable method can be used for an overall system test considering the measured patterns. In this paper we present a method to perform device tests for antenna arrays / smart antennas without the need of radiation pattern measurements,...
Two OTA test methods from literature are selected as those most suited for testing future 5G equipment when assessing end-to-end performance: coherent wave-field synthesis and radiated two-stage or “Wireless Cable”. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Wave-field synthesis is transparent for antenna characteristics of Equipment-under-Test but not viable for large test objects. The...
Considered is OTA testing of future generation communications systems, especially of Devices-under-Test of large electrical size and with highly directive antenna patterns. The channel is assumed to be dominated by a single continuous cluster. Two methods of stochastic cluster emulation by discrete incident fields, modelled as plane waves, are investigated. With both methods, a potential problem with...
With the development of advanced communication systems such as ITS-G5 (C2C, C2I), mobile, and in-car communication systems, more and more systems are operating simultaneously. To verify their reliability in a coexistence scenario, all systems have to be tested under realistic conditions.
In satellite-based systems, such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), the use of antenna arrays is becoming increasingly common, as it allows various applications, such as jammer/spoofer suppression or improving the positioning accuracy in multipath-environments. Testing such equipment under realistic and reproducible conditions is often not feasible, for example in the case of a not fully...
For three-dimensional electromagnetic wave field synthesis, the orientation of dual-polarised antenna elements has influence on the size or volume of the usable ”quiet zone” or ”sweet spot”. The customary choice of polarisation directions along phi and theta allows for the full angular range over which wave fields can be synthesised. But, we show that this choice effectively reduces the number of...
For the sake of new radio devices to conform to respective standards, implementing functionality such as cognitive radio, Long Term Evolution beyond 2×2, or Global Navigation Satellite Systems, a demand for extensive testing arises. A promising solution is the validation inside an Over-the-Air testbed that creates a virtual electromagnetic environment using wave-field synthesis. This paper analyzes...
Experimental data are presented on the viability of multiple antennas on small mobile handsets, based on extensive measurement campaigns at 2.14 GHz with multiple base stations, indoors, from outdoor to indoor, and outdoors. The results show medium to low correlation values between antenna branch signals despite small antenna separations down to . Amplitude distributions are mainly Rayleigh-like,...
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