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We demonstrate an efficient and inherently ultra-low noise frequency upconverter, resulting in only 100 background photons per hour. To measure unprecedentedly low count rate, we introduced a dark count reduction algorithm for a transition edge sensor.
Using the building blocks of quantum optics — single photons, coherent states, beam splitters and projective measurement — we construct a two-mode quantum state for which coincident photon number terms in each mode are removed.
We reconstruct the trajectories of single photons in a two-slit interferometer, by weakly measuring photon momentum, and post-selecting on the result of a strong measurement of photon position in a series of planes.
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