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Sri Lanka was the world's leading iron exporter around 3000BC. In 1990, the Samanalawewa archaeological survey identified forty one ancient iron smelting furnaces positioned along the western edge of the foothills and driven by natural draught. These furnaces functioned by heating the air within them thus reducing its density and causing it to rise. Unheated air was then drawn to the furnace through...
Rice is the main food for nearly half of the world's population. Cooking of rice consumes more energy in households as well as in industries which use rice as an input material for preparing certain foods. In order to reduce the energy spent for cooking and to obtain perfectly and uniformly cooked rice, soaking before cooking is traditionally practiced in some countries. This paper depicts a study...
Metal processing industry in Sri Lanka began around 3000BC. Ancient chronicles like Mahavansaya, Thupavansa and Pujavaliya proved the Sri Lanka's history of metal industry. Archaeometallurgical surveys of Sri Lanka have revealed a non-conventional wind-driven iron smelting furnace for the first time in the world. Some of them dated back to third century BC. Replications of iron smelting process have...
Numerical investigations are conducted to study the effect of factors such as particle clustering and interfacial layer thickness on thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Based on this, parameters including Kapitza radius and fractal and chemical dimension which have received little attention by previous research are rigorously investigated. The degree of thermal enhancement is analyzed for increasing...
An experimental study was carried out to investigate the structural stability of ethylene glycol based titanium dioxide nanoparticle suspensions (nanofluids) prepared with two-step method. Effect of particle concentration, fluid temperature, shear rate and shear duration were investigated. It was found that the temperature resolved thermal conductivity of nano fluid-, followed die trend of the base...
A methodology to predict the thermal conductivity of nanofluids based on the suspension rheology is proposed and experimentally validated by using four types of nanofluids; the suspensions of titania nanoparticles and titanate nanotubes in water and ethylene glycol liquids. Such a methodology lies in the use of suspension rheological behaviour to determine the microstructure of nanofluids, which is...
This paper presents a control algorithm for pneumatic artificial muscles on bicep configuration. Due to the characteristics such as lower power to weight ratios, high strength and lightweight and easiness of employment, pneumatic artificial muscles have become more attractive actuators for robotics applications. The dynamics equations for bicep configuration were derived with the help of single muscle...
This paper presents different roots of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) strategies and challenges faced in terms of efficiency and economy of OTEC plants. The conversion strategies primarily focus on open cycle, closed cycle and hybrid plants. The efficiency studies mainly skew towards the effect of plant distance and thermal gradient towards plant efficiency. The economic analysis is based...
The objective of this research is to model a cascaded hydro power generating reservoir system in order to get the maximum usage of the stored hydro potential to generate electricity. In this study, two models have been developed. First model to schedule the generator loads and the second model to, predict the water levels of the ponds. Then, both models have been integrated to dynamically simulate...
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