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Mobile network operators are facing a challenging dilemma. While on the one hand they are committed to reducing their carbon emissions, and energy consumption, they are also required to continuously upgrade existing networks, ensuring that the relentless growth in data traffic can still be supported. In most cases, these upgrades increase the energy consumption of the network even further. This paper...
Technological improvements and evolving user requirements have led to operators running and supporting three distinct wireless access technologies, GSM, UMTS, and LTE. While the most recent layer (LTE) introduces improvements in spectral efficiency and peak data rates, the remaining layers are still required for supporting legacy devices and providing wider network coverage. In order to facilitate...
The deployment of new network equipment is resulting in increasing energy consumption in mobile broadband networks (MBNs). This contributes to higher CO2 emissions. Over the last 10 years MBNs have grown considerably, and are still growing to meet the evolution in traffic volume carried in wireless networks. To save energy in MBNs, one of the options is to turn off parts of the network equipment in...
While operators have to upgrade the capacity of their networks, they have committed themselves to reduce their CO2 emissions, partly by reducing their energy consumption. This article investigates the challenges faced by operators and quantifies, through a number of case studies, the impact of specific solutions and how the energy consumption trend can be expected to develop over the next decade....
In order to meet the expected boost in mobile data traffic, mobile network operators are planning and upgrading the capacity of their networks. Through a previous study it has been shown that over a period of eight years, different network upgrade strategies have a different impact on the energy consumption and cost of the network. However, irrespective of the upgrade strategy, all lead to an overall...
With the increasing popularity of mobile broadband, mobile network operators (MNOs) are experiencing a continuous boost in network traffic. Some MNOs have stopped offering unlimited data plans, replacing them with a variety of data bundles. At the same time operators are looking at the different options for how to evolve their networks, allowing them to carry the expected increase in traffic. The...
The increasing demand for mobile broadband is pushing existing 3G networks closer to their capacity limit. Additional carriers together with new HSPA features (HSPA+) are expected to provide the next necessary boost in network capacity. One specific feature in HSPA+ is referred to as Dual-Cell HSDPA (or Dual-Carrier HSDPA). This feature allows for a single user to be simultaneously scheduled over...
Global warming has put the energy consumption of all industries into focus. In 2005 mobile communications contributed to about 0.2% of global CO2 emissions. Mobile operators have been reporting annual increases from 300% to 700% in 3G data traffic volumes. Such a steady growth in traffic requires regular upgrades in the infrastructure. While network equipment is in itself becoming more efficient,...
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