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This paper will review the progresses in high capacity submarine transmission systems and the key technologies used to increase channel bit rate as well as fiber capacity.
We study the performance of multicarrier offset modulation and root-raised-cosine shaped multicarrier modulation with aggregate 32.5 GBd symbol rate and show that offset modulation is preferable for non-zero rolloff factors.
We present a transmission experiment over transoceanic distance using multi-level modulation format and an error correcting code optimized for 200 Gb/s channel rate. A record capacity is obtained using 155 channels over C+L bands.
We studied the system benefits of applying dispersion pre-compensation using programmable DAC, on the performance of 32.5 Gbaud root-raised-cosine pulse-shaped PDM-WDM BPSK, QPSK, and 16QAM. With 50% dispersion pre-compensation, for BPSK 1.5 dB improvemement of optimum Q2-factor is observed while for QPSK and 16QAM no improvement was observed.
We propose to use decision feedback equalization (DFE) for ISI mitigation on 28Gbaud PDM-8QAM bandwidth-constrained Nyquist WDM. We compare DFE and maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection and show that DFE offers a more interesting performance/complexity trade-off than MAP.
We study experimentally PDM-QPSK, PDM-8QAM and PDM-16QAM signals with Nyquist pulse-shaping at 28 Gbaud for undersea transmissions. We compare their noise sensitivity, nonlinear tolerance, transmission reach and assess their performance depending on channel spacing.
We investigate the possibility of packing 100Gb/s PDM-QPSK channels with 28% overhead into a 33GHz-grid. We compare different intersymbol mitigation techniques and show moderate penalties compared to a standard 50GHz-grid.
We experimentally compare the transmission reach of PDM-16QAM and PDM-QPSK at 32 Gbaud over an uncompensated transmission link and characterize the impact of the hardware limitations stemming from the practical implementation of PDM-16QAM.
Thanks to simulations, we discuss the choice of the optimal rolloff in realistic Nyquist-WDM systems, while accounting for transmitter/receiver impairments, namely the finite impulse response length of root-raised-cosine pulse shapes, jitter and vertical DAC/ADC resolution.
The first transoceanic WDM transmission at 200 Gbit/s, using PDMQPSK, coherent detection, ultra-low-loss large effective area fibre and erbium-doped fibre amplifiers is demonstrated.
We describe a 64 × 43 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission experiment over 440 km of ultra-low loss fiber with third-order Raman pumping. We then compare coherent transmission at 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s in unrepeatered conditions.
We transmit 96 PDM-QPSK channels at 100Gb/s over 11,680km, matching the best capacity × distance product reported, but with C-band-only EDFAs. 2.7b/s/Hz spectral density is obtained, despite 23% super-FEC overhead, with optical spectral engineering.
We review the unique resistance of coherent systems to linear effects and the challenges to digitally mitigate nonlinearities. We also show how linear effects can sometimes turn out to be beneficial by reducing nonlinear impairments.
We transmit two 100Gb/s PDM-QPSK data streams over two different modes of a 40km-long prototype few-mode fiber. Our experiment is performed with an LCOS-based mode multiplexer/demultiplexer and 4×4 MIMO algorithm in a coherent receiver.
We experimentally assess the performance of coherent PDM-BPSK at 40Gb/s over non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber. The BPSK-based solution is found about 7.5dB more robust than the QPSK-based solution against cross-nonlinearities induced by 10Gb/s neighbor channels.
We report on experimental long-haul transmission of 28Gaud PS-QPSK signal in a WDM scenario. We compare its performance with that of 28Gbaud PDM-QPSK signal and demonstrate it could be interesting into software-defined optical transceivers.
We review recent progress on high bit rate long-haul optical transport systems, with spectral efficiency times transmission distance as the main figure-of-merit. We discuss the potential of 100-Gb/s transport systems to survive higher bit rates, through ultra-dense channel packing and multiple-optical-carrier techniques.
We demonstrate the longest WDM transmission at 200Gb/s using single-carrier PDM-QPSK channels. A record distance of 12,000km is achieved transmitting 40 channels through an EDFA-only uncompensated fiber link.
We report on the interplay between PMD and nonlinearities experienced by polarization-multiplexed signals detected with a coherent receiver. An experimental analysis over 2000 random draws of PMD conditions over an SSMF link shows that PMD can improve significantly system performance.
A model for nonlinear propagation over bimodal fiber is proposed. Through numerical simulations, the tolerance to nonlinear effects of Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) is estimated using the example of a 7×200Gb/s WDM MDM-QPSK transmission over 1200km.
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