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This paper presents and compares the results of two different approaches to identify the mode shapes and frequencies of the inter-area oscillations in the electrical power system of Great Britain (GB). The approaches are simulation-based analysis, carried out using the full dynamic model of the GB network in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, and measurement-based analysis, with data provided by phasor measurement...
The inclusion of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to the electricity network of Great Britain is providing insight beyond the steady state, into the behaviour of the power system. Synchronised measurements, from a fair geographical distribution of devices are allowing the regional differences, following transient events, to be examined. This is forcing revision of the previous assumption of network-wide...
The inherent reduction in inertial frequency response resulting from a shift in generation mix towards renewables, is presenting a range of operational planning challenges for transmission system operators (TSOs) globally. Dictating the ability to maintain frequency following significant mismatches in supply and demand, it is of great consequence to the real-time operation of the power system. In...
The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), with its ability to directly calculate the power systems state variable, is deemed vital to achieving the wide area monitoring and control requirements of the Smart Grid. Making effective use of the data however, is not without its challenges and the successful deployment of such a synchrophasor-based system requires enhanced testing and validation. The development...
National Grid, the Transmission System Operator for Great Britain, has recently installed a Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS), to improve the real-time view of the power system. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have been installed, primarily through upgrades to digital fault recorders, as an extension to dynamic system monitoring. This paper reviews the development of WAMS on the GB System and presents...
The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is deemed vital to achieving the wide area monitoring and control requirements of the Smart Grid. The devices are capable of capturing time synchronised power system quantities at a very high resolution and accuracy. They are intended to provide key control inputs to both, intra-network High Voltage DC (HVDC) links and potential Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor...
Aims/hypothesis Impaired fibrin clot lysis is a key abnormality in diabetes and complement C3 is one protein identified in blood clots. This work investigates the mechanistic pathways linking C3 and hypofibrinolysis in diabetes using ex vivo/in vitro studies. Methods Fibrinolysis and C3 plasma levels were determined in type 1 diabetic patients and healthy controls, and the effects of glycaemia investigated...
Placentae of three hystricimorph rodents-capybara, agouti and paca-were examined by conventional histology, immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin and vimentin, and TUNEL staining. The placentae were divided into lobules of labyrinthine syncytium separated by interlobular and marginal trophoblast. The subplacenta comprised cytotrophoblasts, supported on lamellae of allantoic mesoderm, and syncytiotrophoblast...
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