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The city of Auckland sits on an active volcanic field, which comprises approximately 50 volcanoes that have erupted over the last ∼250 kyr. The most recent eruption, Rangitoto, occurred ∼750 years ago. Many of the volcanic centres in the Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF) had initial phreatomagmatic eruptions, with pyroclastic density currents that left behind surge deposits. Because the AVF encompasses...