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As the electric scooter market grows, one of the major problems facing designers of pure EVs is getting sufficient range from batteries that can't cope with long journeys. The alternative is to have a range extender of hybrid powered scooter in which a small size of fuel cell stack combines with a battery powered electric motor. However, in such models, electric-only range is restricted to just a...
A simple step-up converter, based on charge pumps with one inductor inserted, is presented herein. The proposed converter has individual simple operating analyses—if this converter is operated in the continuous conduction mode (CCM), only two operating modes exist. Furthermore, the power switches used in the proposed converter is easy to drive—only two half-bridge gate drivers and one low-side gate...
In this paper, a negative resonant voltage divider (NRVD) is presented with the fixed switching frequency all over the load range. The proposed resonant voltage divider without any control loop embedded can achieve good efficiency from the light load to the rated load, especially for the light load. The detailed description of the NRVD is provided along with some experimental results to demonstrate...
A novel voltage-boosting converter, based on charge pumps with one inductor inserted, is presented herein. This converter has a simple operating analysis—if such a converter operates in the continuous conduction mode (CCM), only two operating modes exist. Furthermore, the power switches used in such a converter are easy to drive—only two half-bridge gate drivers and one low-side gate driver are needed...
In this paper, a dual-output boost converter with positive and negative output voltages under a single positive voltage source fed. Due to its dual output with positive and negative output voltages, this converter is very suitable for driving the half-bridge class-D amplifier, so as to remove a DC blocking capacitor required in the half-bridge class-D amplifier. Firstly, the basic operating principles...
This study proposes a new method and management systems without using catalyst for continuously generating hydrogen gas in an aqueous sodium chloride solution by the hydrolysis of a waste magnesium sample. Hydrogen generation was accelerated by applying sodium chloride and some acids such as acetic acid. As the acetic acid increased and both of the rate and cumulative amount of hydrogen evolution...
This paper is to examine the dynamic simulation of a fuel cell powered Scooter by using Simulink. The temperature stress on the semiconductors is calculated in order to give a prediction of the life time of the semiconductor modules. Influence of the saturation and reluctance in the electrical machine and the impact on the overall system performance as well as the influence in the field oriented control...
A design for fuel cell/battery in hard and soft hybrid systems including a fuel cell and two batteries, one for charging, another for discharging, based on dc/dc converter is proposed to increase the efficiency of the designed process through systemization. As a result, such hybrid systems design saves a lot of benefits that can be cost effective and extended its duration. Finally, the experiment...
This paper presents a design for an electromagnetic interference (EMI) power filter which is serially-cascaded with a conventional off-line switching-mode power converter to reduce the non-intrinsic differential-mode (DM) EMI and low-frequency common-mode (CM) output voltage in switching-mode power converters (SMPCs). The circuit configuration is extremely simple so that the size of the component...
This paper proposes a DC-DC converter using variable on-time and variable switching frequency (VONVF) control enhanced constant ripple current control and reduced magnetic components. The proposed converter is realized by making the turn-off time proportional to the on-time of the converter, according to the input and output voltage, thereby reducing the corresponding current ripple on output voltage...
In this paper, simple modeling of the DC-DC converter is presented, which is based on the current in the switch and the voltage on the switch, together with some other variables. Two types of DC-DC converters are used herein to verify the proposed modeling method.
A high step-up converter is proposed herein, which combines the coupling inductor and the charge pump. Under a low input voltage with a high input current, the proposed converter has high voltage conversion ratio, and possesses an active voltage clamping circuit which pumps a portion of the leakage inductance energy to the output. Hence, it is very suitable for the burn-in test of the buck-type converter...
In this paper, a novel dual-output boost converter with positive and negative output voltages under a single positive voltage source fed. Due to its dual output with positive and negative output voltages, this converter is very suitable for driving the half-bridge class-D amplifier, so as to remove a blocking capacitor required in the half-bridge class-D amplifier. Firstly, the basic operating principles...
In this paper, a novel dual-output buck-boost converter with positive and negative output voltages under a single positive voltage source fed. Due to its dual output with positive and negative output voltages, this converter is very suitable for driving the half-bridge class-D amplifier, so as to remove a blocking capacitor required in the half-bridge class-D amplifier. Firstly, the basic operating...
In this paper, a two-stage boost converter is presented, which is the derivative three-level boost converter cascaded with the KY converter. Such a converter has continuous input and output inductor currents in the continuous conduction mode (CCM), different from the traditional boost converter. And hence, this converter is very suitable for low-ripple applications. The detailed illustration of the...
In this paper, a solar energy powered bicycle by a wireless sensor network (WSN) far-end network monitoring solar energy to transfer the electrical energy storage and the effectiveness analysis is proposed. In order to achieve this goal, an embarked ZigBee by a solar-powered bicycle the far-end wireless network supervisory system is setup. Experimental results prove that our prototype, the solar energy...
An analytic closed-form based loop compensator for DC/DC flyback converter in discontinuous conduction with peak current-mode control is proposed to increase efficiency of the desired process through systemization. As a result, the process saves a lot of computation time that can be translated into design cost savings. Finally, the output voltage regulation in the presence of audio susceptibility...
Based on the optimized conditions of the system output power, an innovative design approach to design the parameter values of compensated capacitors of a series-parallel loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems (SP-LCIPTS) is proposed in this paper. Under the optimized conditions, a closed form analysis for all of the bifurcation frequencies and respective corresponding output powers which...
In this paper, first the optimal values of the compensated capacitors for a serial-parallel loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems (SP-LCIPTS) are determined. Then the operation constraint is imposed to achieve minimum volt-ampere (VA) rating of the inverter. Closed form solutions of the multiple operating frequencies as well the corresponding feasible conditions are derived. Six operation...
In this paper, an analytical analysis and design for the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) PWM DC/DC forward converter is featured. To gain insight sufficient to understand as well as design the system. It concludes that the ZVS condition of the converter can definitely not be calculated by simply regarding the stored energy in leakage inductance. The derived closed-form...
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