The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
The grey model GM (1, 1) is one of the important components in the grey systems theory system. According to the modeling mechanism of GM(1, 1) model, based on the analysis of the flaws of the existing grey model GM(1, 1) the method which consists of the most superior initial value, which is solved in the constraint that all components of GM(1, 1) modeling sequence X(1) fit smallest error sum of squares...