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This paper presents a character recognition system that handles degraded manuscript documents like the ones discovered at the St. Catherine's Monastery. In contrast to state-of-the-art OCR systems, no early decision (image binarization) needs to be performed. Thus, an object recognition methodology is adapted for the recognition of ancient manuscripts. The proposed system is based on local descriptors...
An approach for the detection of decorative elements - such as initials and headlines - and text regions, focused on ancient manuscripts, is presented. Due to their age, ancient manuscripts suffer from degradation and staining as well as ink is faded-out over the time. Identifying decorative elements and text regions allows indexing a manuscript and serves as input for Optical Character Recognition...
The reconstruction of marble plates of Ephesos is discussed in this paper. Automated reconstruction techniques exist for 2 dimensional objects as well as for 3 dimensional objects. Current applications that consider the shape of the fragments only, are able to reconstruct complete objects consisting of no more than e.g. 10 parts. Therefore, additional features are necessary to reconstruct objects...
Text recognition in ancient documents poses specific challenges such as degradation and staining, fading out of ink, fluctuating text lines, superimposing of text-elements or varying layouts, amongst others. To cope with those challenges, a texture-based approach is proposed, which exploits the fact that different kinds of textures have distinct orientation distributions. The orientation information...
An automated assembling of torn documents (2D) will support philologists, archaeologists and forensic experts. Especially if the amount of fragments is large (up to 1000), a human puzzle solver will not be feasible due to cost and time. Ancient manuscripts may be broken due to bad storage conditions, or documents are manually torn to make the information unreadable. In Germany a project to reconstruct...
The main problems of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems are solved if printed latin text is considered. Since OCR systems are based upon binary images, their results are poor if the text is degraded. In this paper a codex consisting of ancient manuscripts is investigated. Due to environmental effects the characters of the analyzed codex are washed out which leads to poor results gained by...
An automated assembling of shredded/torn documents (2D) or broken pottery (3D) will support philologists, archaeologists and forensic experts. An automated solution for this task can be divided into shape based matching techniques (apictorial) or techniques that analyze additionally the visual content of the fragments (pictorial). In the case of visual content techniques like texture based analysis...
In this paper we propose a character segmentation method for multispectral images of ancient documents. Due to the low quality of the images the main idea of this study is to combine the multispectral behavior and contextual spatial information. Therefore we utilize a Markov random field model using the spectral information of the images and stroke properties to include spatial dependencies of the...
In order to preserve our cultural heritage and for automated document processing libraries and national archives have started digitizing historical documents. In the case of degraded manuscripts (e.g. by mold, humidity, bad storage conditions) the text or parts of it can disappear. The remaining parts of the text can be segmented and the ruling can be extrapolated with the a priori knowledge. Since...
This paper proposes a drawing tool recognition method based on features calculated from the shape of stroke endings. The application for this method is to help art historians to identify the drawing tool used for a drawing. Since the style of a drawing depends on the drawing tool used, drawing tool recognition is an important step toward a style analysis. A dominant feature of a drawn stroke is its...
This paper deals with the enhancement of the readability in historic texts written on parchment. Due to mold, air, humidity, water, etc. parchment and text are partially damaged and consequently hard to read. In order to enhance the readability of the text, the manuscript pages are imaged in different spectral bands ranging from 360 to 1000 nm. The readability enhancement is based on a spectral and...
This paper presents a hybrid approach towards self- localization of tiny autonomous mobile robots in a known but highly dynamic environment. The proposed algorithm is intended for two-wheeled differential drive robots which are equipped with a pivoted stereo vision system, two digital encoders, a gyro sensor, two 10g accelerometers and a magnetic compass. The global position of the robot can be estimated...
This paper presents landmark based self-localization of a two-wheeled differential drive autonomous mobile robot in a known but highly dynamic environment. The robot is equipped with a pivoted stereo vision system, two digital encoders, a gyro sensor, two lOg accelerometers and a magnetic compass. Global position of the robot is estimated using range measurements of distinct features such as color...
Estimation of objects in a 3D space is a fundamental problem in computer vision and robotics. This paper describes an algorithm and its implementation for a vision module as a sensor of a biped robot (YABIRO). The embedded vision sensor is able to estimate the position of objects like spheres in 3D space. Objects are defined with their size and color in a model. The vision sensor detects the positions...
Motivated by the requirements of modern archaeologists, we are developing a documentation system based on structured light for acquisition of ceramics. Fragments of ceramics are daily finds at excavations and important for archaeological research, because their shape leads to information about ancient cultures. The shapes used for documentation are called profile lines and estimated by a vertical...
This paper presents a method for the fully automatic surveying of cutaneous hemangiomas by means of a hemangioma segmentation and a ruler visible in the images. The algorithm computes the spatial resolution of an image. Hemangioma segmentation is accomplished by a single-layer perceptron classification by means of pixel color features. The algorithm was evaluated on a set of 120 images. It achieves...
In this study we analyze texture and profile features of painted strokes in order to identify the drawing media used for sketching underdrawings. Underdrawings are preliminary drawings on the panel prepared for paintings and are unseen in the finished work. Cameras working in the near infrared range allow the visualization of underdrawings. Due to the tiny width of the strokes we perform an alignment...
A major obstacle to the broader use of 3D object reconstruction and modeling is the extent of manual intervention needed. Such interventions are currently extensive and exist throughout every phase of a 3D reconstruction project: collection of images, image management, establishment of sensor position and image orientation, extracting the geometric information describing an object, and merging geometric,...
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