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All tests were carried out on a 2.66 GHz Intel Core 2 personal computer on which the Matlab computation environment and the CPLEX software had been uploaded. In the tests, the GEP problem considered is that faced by a hypothetical GENCO operating in Italy. The choice of the Italian system is only intended as a way to identify a regulatory environment concerning RES support and CO2 reduction; the generality...
The aim of this paper is to improve an optimization algorithm for coordinated management of VSC-HVDC link and DFIGs in variable frequency operation, presented by the authors in a previous work. The new features introduced in this paper concern different upper bounds on DFIG rotor and stator power flow and modified constraints on generator slips and AC offshore grid frequency. The upper bound on stator...
This paper presents a Probabilistic Load Flow (PLF) procedure that allows the impact of distributed generation (DG) on the transmission system to be assessed. By means of the Monte Carlo technique, several system states are simulated, varying the power injection of DG. The load flow solution is performed by the Newton-Raphson method and a distributed slack bus formulation is adopted, in order to distribute...
The aim of this paper is to find out an optimization algorithm for wind power plants, where the wind turbines are equipped by DFIG, connected to on-shore grid by means VSC-HVDC link. The off-shore grid frequency is assumed variable under a fixed range and the wind power tracking characteristic of the DFIG has to be extended to consider the additional grid frequency dependence. The highly non linear...
The aim of the present paper is that of assessing the role of the transmission system in a liberalized electricity market, pointing out that the presence of transmission capacity limits may influence the market outcomes and above all it may make profitable a strategic behaviour rather than a competitive one by one or more producers. From this point of view, the transmission system development becomes...
In the present work, the problem of energy market price clearing and generation company (Genco) strategic bidding is considered in the framework of existing day-ahead markets with system marginal price auction. The situation of imperfect competition arising when one of the Gencos is large enough to exert market power is considered in detail, showing what bidding behaviors are to be expected when such...
In the present work, the problem of energy market price clearing and generation company (Genco) strategic bidding is considered with reference to existing day-ahead markets. The usual market settlement based on the system marginal price (SMP) is first addressed, this being the most widespread energy market implementation. The pay as bid (PAB) auction has been sometimes proposed as a viable alternative...
The overall purpose of the paper is to suggest a suitable methodology of valuing the reactive power support in a deregulated electricity market from the point of view of Transmission System Operator (TSO). The valorization of the reactive resource available in a grid bus will be determined by means of an Optimal Reactive Power Flow (ORPF) procedure, which pursues both economic and security criteria...
This paper analyzes the impact of a large amount of wind generation on the Italian transmission network. The analysis takes into account the fact that the most suitable sites for installation of wind farms are located mainly in Southern Italy and that the power flows from wind turbines will arise in addition to the existing ones, mainly directed to Central Italy, thus increasing the possibility of...
In this work the problem of defining the optimal generation mix for a system with a liberalised electricity market is dealt with by an agent based model, in which several GENCOs compete to define the optimal planning strategy that maximizes their profits. Strategies are defined according to the market share that each GENCO wants to satisfy and the best solution is found by means of a genetic algorithm...
This paper deals with one of the issues consequent on the recent restructuring of the electricity industry: the lack of coordination between generation and transmission system development. Indeed, in this new environment the planning of these two systems is driven by different objectives, resulting in a possible conflict between economics and security. The nodal index called Weighted Transmission...
Growing environmental concern and compelling regulatory directives have forced Generation Companies (GEN-COs) to revise criteria previously used for long term generation expansion planning. Constraints on renewable energy production and on CO2 emission affect the economy of generation acting as a powerful drift towards the adoption of novel generation technologies. In the present work, the mathematical...
Constraints on renewable energy production and CO2 emissions are being imposed to generation companies (GENCOs) by growing environmental concern and compelling regulatory directives. These constraints impact on the economy of generation acting as a bias towards the adoption of novel generation technologies, mostly in the field of renewable energy generation. In the present work, the mathematical model...
Afterwards the energy market liberalization in European countries, the issue of optimal allocation of cross border interchanges has gained a notable importance. The most widely accepted method for the congestion management among several interconnected countries is the ldquodecentralized market couplingrdquo (DCM), which was successfully implemented by the power exchangers of France, Belgium and the...
The problem of cross border interchange and of exchange capacity allocation has gained an increasing importance because of existing price gaps between the different countries and of limited exchange capacity. The European Transmission System Operators (ETSO) committee has issued a sequence of documents illustrating the guidelines for efficient and economic assignment of the available cross border...
In the present work a procedure for the identification of critical multiple contingencies is proposed. Its aim is that of highlighting those multiple outages which are likely to endanger system security especially in the case of faulty operation of the protection system. The proposed procedure exploits the efficient genetic algorithm approach recently proposed by Chu and Beasley to rank the worst...
Voltage control and reactive power support have been deeply investigated by the technical point of view. System operators and planners have developed complex control schemes, in order to achieve a secure and efficient operation. After the enforcement of market structures, new issues have appeared. Nowadays, the main subjects related with the reactive power management are: maintaining an adequate security...
The problem of cross border interchange and of allocation of exchange capacities between interconnected countries of the European Community has gained an ever increasing importance during the most recent years. The reasons for that are to be found in the existing price gap between different countries as well as in the limited exchange capacity of some interconnection corridors. As a result, the European...
The problem of cross border interchange and of allocation of exchange capacities between interconnected countries of the European community has gained an ever increasing importance during the most recent years. The reasons for that are to be found in the existing price gap between different countries as well as in the limited exchange capacity of some interconnection corridors. As a result, the European...
Based on the analysis of the recent huge blackouts that stroke some countries in the European systems, the authors of the paper emphasize as a right knowledge of the actual cross border transmission capacities (CBTCs) is becoming of primary importance in order to obtain a secure operation of the whole system, independently from the method adopted in its allocation. Among the different methods proposed...
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