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Traffic flow modeling is an elusive example for the emergence of complexity in dynamical systems of interacting objects. In this work, we introduce an extension of the Nagel–Schreckenberg (NaSch) model of vehicle traffic flow that takes into account a defensive driver’s reaction. Such a mechanism acts as an additional nearest-neighbor coupling. The defensive reaction dynamical rule consists in reducing...
Microwave propagation in a metallic waveguide loaded with an array of split-ring resonators is examined both analytically and experimentally. The synthesized combined medium exhibits a frequency band around 6.0 GHz with simultaneously negative values of permittivity and permeability which allow transmission in an otherwise forbidden band for the hollow waveguide.
A coaxial line periodically loaded by circular disks on the inner conductor is designed to act as Bragg reflector in the 4.0-10.0 GHz frequency range. This is achieved by placing 10 disks (0.35 cm thick and 6.22 cm in diameter) equally spaced by the periodic distance of 1.8 cm on a coaxial waveguide with inner and outer diameters of 6.90 cm and 4.22 cm. Analytical discussion followed by 2D and 3D...
The filtering characteristics of a coaxial Bragg reflector are studied experimentally. Made from stainless steel, this coaxial Bragg reflector incorporates a cylindrical inner rod with 10 disks 0.35 cm thick and 6.22 cm in diameter equally spaced by the periodic distance of 1.8 cm. Experimental results demonstrate a bandgap of 5.85 GHz centered at the 6.7 GHz design frequency in excellent agreement...
It is examined how the resonance frequency and the electrical Q factor relate to the geometrical shape of the coaxial insert in reentrant klystron cavities. Through proper selection of the geometry of the coaxial inner conductor (either circular cylinders or truncated cones), a tuning coefficient of 25.0 MHz/mum can be obtained at resonance frequencies around 1.0 GHz with cylindrical cavities of 8...
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