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The world-wide frequency band for passive UHF RFID is 860 to 960 MHz, or 11% bandwidth, and microstrip antennas [2] offer high gain, inexpensive manufacture, and with suitable ground plane independence from the object to which it is attached. Unfortunately, they tend to suffer from a narrow bandwidth. In this paper, we present a theory and implementation of a simple planar, wideband microstrip antenna...
The great majority of commercial UHF RFID tags are based on dipole antennas using a modification of a T-match as a matching circuit. The literature contains examples of wideband matching, but provides little insight as to how wideband behavior is achieved. Here, we present a simple circuit-based theory to describe the antenna, matching circuit, and IC behavior; we present an approach for developing...
The majority of RFID tags are linearly polarized dipole antennas, but a few use a planar, dual-dipole antenna that facilitates circular polarization, but requires a three-terminal IC. In this paper, we present a novel way to achieve circular polarization with a planar antenna using a two-terminal IC. We present an intuitive methodology for design, and perform experiments that validate circular polarization...
The majority of commercial UHF RFID tags are based on the dipole antenna, and it is well known that tag performance degrades significantly when the tag is placed near a conducting surface. Here, we present a new antenna that operates as a dipole when in free space, but when placed on a conducting surface, it operates as a relatively efficient microstrip antenna. The antenna is shown to have near-optimal...
Passive UHF RFID tags have proved to be useful to serialize and automate tracking of goods through the supply chain, and the application of RFID to the cold chain is especially useful, where food safety and product quality are of special concern. The environment in the cold chain provides unique challenges to RFID tags, where water-based contents are the norm, and moisture and humidity can range widely...
The RFID industry is growing rapidly, especially in the UHF frequency band that is being used extensively in supply chain management. Traditionally, inlays have been constructed from etched copper or aluminum. Etching is a subtractive process that uses chemicals and can creates waste. Recently, inlays are manufactured using silver-based inks. Printing is an additive process, so it has a number of...
In this paper, we identify the state of the technical capability of passive UHF RFID tags and readers using a simple, empirical, experimental approach. This paper does not focus on theoretical capabilities of RFID systems in ideal environments, but rather a pragmatic evaluation of the state of commercially available ISO 18000-6c systems and identifying areas where there are opportunities for improvements...
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