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Background Information
ARAP2, an Arf GTPase‐activating protein (Arf GAP) that binds to adaptor protein with PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motifs 1 (APPL1), regulates focal adhesions (FAs). APPL1 affects FA dynamics by regulating Akt. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ARAP2 affects FAs in part by regulating Akt through APPL1.
Results
We found that ARAP2 controlled FA dynamics dependent...
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems arenowadays standard inspection tools in several application areas, such as subsurface prospecting, civil engineering and cultural heritage monitoring. Usually, the raw output of GPR isprovided as a B-scan, which has to be further processed inorder to extract the needed information about the inspectedscene. In this framework, inversescattering-based approachesare...
This paper presents a tomographic inverse scattering algorithm based on an iterative regularization approach developed in Lp Banach spaces. The proposed technique has been applied to the microwave biomedical imaging of the human head, in order to detect and locate hemorrhagic brain strokes. Preliminary numerical results are provided in order to show the capabilities of the inversion method.
An approach for microwave imaging of hemorrhagic brain strokes is proposed in this paper. The developed procedure is based on the solution of the electromagnetic inverse-scattering problem by using a Newton-scheme developed in the framework of the LP Banach spaces. Preliminary numerical results, aimed at evaluating the feasibility of the developed approach for brain stroke detection, are reported.
An analysis of the performance of a multi-frequency inverse-scattering algorithm for imaging of buried scenarios is reported in this paper. The considered inversion procedure is based on the use of a regularization scheme in the Lp Banach spaces able to solve the full non-linear half-space inverse scattering problem. The effects of different configurations of the soil are evaluated by means of numerical...
An approach for microwave imaging of brain strokes is presented. Numerical simulations show the potentialities of this technique in retrieving the dielectric properties of biological tissues inside the head. An efficient iterative two-loop method is used to face the ill-posedness of the considered inverse scattering problem, which is formulated in terms of integral equations.
In this paper, a microwave imaging method is proposed for brain stroke detection. In particular, the developed imaging procedure is based on an iterative Gauss-Newton scheme and it is aimed at determining the presence of a hemorrhagic brain stroke. Interrogating microwaves are used in a multistatic and multiview arrangement. Preliminary numerical results concerning the reconstruction of a simulated...
Summary The application of the differential evolution method in two important areas of applied electromagnetics is discussed in this chapter. The first one refers to the synthesis and design of array antennas, for which differential evolution, as well as other evolutionary algorithms, is now considered a fundamental design tool. The second one concerns the diagnostic applications faced as a result...
Inspection of penetrable objects by using differential evolution together with a recently proposed iterative multiscaling approach is discussed in this Chapter. Several new results are included concerning the reconstruction of inhomogeneous targets under various imaging conditions.
Arfs have been implicated in remodeling of both biological membranes and the actin cytoskeleton. In each case, Arf function appears to be integrally related to lipid metabolism. As regulators of membrane traffic, Arfs bind to membrane surfaces and affect membrane structure. Effects of Arf on the actin cytoskeleton may be mediated through acid phospholipids. Examination of the interactions of Arfs...
We have defined the molecular basis for association of the PH domain of the Arf GAP ASAP1 with phospholipid bilayers. Structures of the unliganded and dibutyryl PtdIns(4,5)P2-bound PH domain were solved. PtdIns(4,5)P2 made contact with both a canonical site (C site) and an atypical site (A site). We hypothesized cooperative binding of PtdIns(4,5)P2 to the C site and a nonspecific anionic phospholipid...
In this paper the capabilities of some direct and inverse scattering procedures to solve electromagnetic problems involving axially moving cylinders are investigated. No limitations are imposed on the number of cylinders, nor are posed on their profiles of relative dielectric permittivity and axial velocity. As for inverse problems, when the maximum magnitude of the axial speed is limited to one hundredth...
Inverse scattering techniques can be exploited to recover the solid distributions and the velocity profiles in different types of pipelines involving materials in motion. It is now known that these targets can be achieved by splitting the problem into two separate inverse procedures: the first working on the reconstruction of the dielectric permittivity only and the other one trying to recover the...
A new technique for microwave imaging of three-dimensional dielectric targets is presented in this paper. The underlying inverse scattering problem is solved by using a multi-resolution strategy, able to iteratively focus the inversion on the regions containing the targets, combined with an efficient regularization procedure based on an inexact-Newton algorithm. Some preliminary results and comparisons...
The imaging of three-dimensional scatterers is addressed by means of a new microwave inversion algorithm that combines an Inexact Newton (IN)-based deterministic reconstruction technique with a multi-focusing approach. This choice is motivated by the capability of multi-resolution techniques to reduce non-linearity issues arising in 3D imaging problems, thus enabling the effective exploitation of...
A numerical assessment concerning the reconstruction capabilities of a recently proposed imaging measurement method working at microwave frequencies is proposed. The approach is based on the electric field integral equations of the inverse scattering problem, which are solved by using an iterative inexact-Newton method developed in Lp Banach spaces. Quantitative errors on the reconstruction of a canonical...
A long-held tenet of heterotrimeric G protein signal transduction is that it is triggered by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the PM. Here, we demonstrate that Gi is activated in the Golgi by GIV/Girdin, a non-receptor guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). GIV-dependent activation of Gi at the Golgi maintains the finiteness of the cyclical activation of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1),...
In this paper, we seek to find some guidelines for the selection of the main parameters of a recently proposed microwave imaging method developed in the framework of Banach spaces. In fact, its capability of reconstructing unknown targets better than the standard Hilbert space techniques has been already proven in various situations. However, in order to exploit the full potential of this method,...
In this issue of Structure, Liu and colleagues describe an experimentally rigorous and innovative approach for understanding the role of membranes in the function and regulation of peripheral membrane proteins. This work is the beginning of a new era of experimental work that promises many advances relevant to molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of this important class of proteins.
This paper shows that inverse scattering techniques can be successfully used to find the geometrical and constitutive parameters and the velocities of axially moving, inhomogeneous cylinders. For this reason, these techniques could be of interest in industrial applications or in plasma physics. In particular, the forward problem is solved by generalizing a semi-analytical recursive procedure developed...
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