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FPGAs are well-suited for applications that need to adjust the composition of computational structures over the lifetime of the application. While the underlying hardware framework for supporting run-time reconfiguration has existed for years, there have been negligibly few FPGA applications that have benefited from this. This is likely not an issue with FPGA architectures, yet it is more likely a...
FPGA implementation tool turnaround time has unfortunately not kept pace with FPGA density advances. It is difficult to parallelize place-and-route algorithms without sacrificing determinism or quality of results. As in many multithreaded applications, communication and synchronization incur significant overheads. Even if these challenges are overcome, the large graph data structures used can quickly...
Design validation is the most time-consuming task in the FPGA design cycle. Although manufacturers and third-party vendors offer a range of tools that provide different perspectives of a design, many require that the design be fully re-implemented for parameter modifications or do not allow the design to be run at full-speed. Designs are frequently first modeled using a high-level language then later...
Reconfigurable hardware development and debugging tools aspire to provide software-like productivity. A major impediment, however, is the lack of a module linkage capability permitting hardware blocks to be compiled concurrently, limiting the effective use of multi-core and multiprocessor platforms. Although modular and incremental design flows can reuse the layouts of unmodified blocks, non-local...
This paper studies distributed multi-domain, multi-layer provisioning (grooming) in IP/MPLS-DWDM networks. Although many multi-domain studies have emerged over the years, these have primarily considered "homogeneous" network layers. Meanwhile, most grooming studies have assumed idealized settings with "global" link state across all layers. Hence there is a critical need to develop...
Recent studies on inter-domain DWDM networks have focused on topology abstraction for state summarization, i.e. transforming a physical topology to a virtual mesh, tree, or star network. Although these schemes give very good inter- domain blocking reduction, associated inter-domain routing overheads are significant, particularly as the number of domains and border OXC nodes increase. To address these...
This paper investigates the important area of lightpath provisioning in multi-domain full wavelength conversion DWDM networks. Although inter-domain provisioning has been well-studied for packet/cell-switching networks, the wavelength dimension (along with wavelength conversion) poses many challenges. To address these concerns, a detailed GMPLS-based hierarchical OSPF-TE routing framework is developed...
Gross and microscopic ocular findings were prospectively studied in 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive subjects undergoing postmortem examination. Pathologic lesions were detected in 27 patients (71%), with 67% of the abnormal findings detected only microscopically.
The gross and microscopic ocular findings were prospectively studied in 38 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive subjects undergoing postmortem examination. Pathologic lesions were detected in 27 patients (71%), including cytomegalovirus retinitis in 7, cytoid bodies in 6, cryptococcosis in 6, and choroidal histoplasmosis, mycobacteriosis, choroidal lymphoma, optic nerve demyelination, and...
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