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Up to now, most factories and their processes were designed and constructed with the cost as the most important economic factor. However due to the increased changes in energy sector, the energy optimization should be another key indicator for cross layer optimization. In order to achieve this optimization, energy has to be measured locally and almost in real time, while manufacturing control activities...
This paper discusses the problem of modeling breakdown handling for factory automation systems seen from a service oriented architecture perspective. The formal representation of in conditioning, forward and backward recovery techniques is addressed, and a specific case study is presented. Semantic annotations of processes are proposed to assist both the selection of the recovery method and the way...
Each non-chaotic system has a set of attributes or properties forming a dasiacharacterpsila of the system. Being a unique entity means to possess a unique (sub-)set of attributes. This paper shows how these attributes can be identified and applied in reasoning on system correctness. The field of application is a domain of factory automation, where the structural reasoning on system state spaces is...
This paper proposes extensions to an existing formalism used in discrete modeling of systems. The formalism is a Petri net based formalism called timed net condition/event system (TNCES). The goal of the extensions is to allow the modeling of hybrid systems that contain both discrete and continuous elements. The extended model is applied in modeling and analysis in the domain of factory automation...
The focus of this research is formal validation and verification of the orchestration (the sequencing) of services. This approach uses a Petri net derived formalism called timed net condition event systems (TNCES) which has been chosen due to its modular and composable nature. A basis of TNCES modules has been created to represent a set of eight constructs capable of expressing workflow-related features...
This paper is focused on presenting the means of modeling the conditions that are tested with either conditional or looping control constructs (repeat-while, repeat-until and if-then-else). The depicted ideas are part of a methodology developed to formally verify and validate the orchestration of factory automation web services. The formalism used to represent in a modular manner the sequencing of...
This paper reports initial views on adapting the structure of intelligent systems from the domain of psychobiology to the domain of factory automation. It is postulated that psychobiology may inspire the solution in architecting of intelligent and reconfigurable manufacturing systems, rather than adapting the preconceived factory automation systems to implement intelligence. The Theory of Functional...
This paper presents a methodology to verify the timing constraints of the orchestrator of factory automation web services. The formalism that was chosen to represent the sequencing of the services as well as their timing behavior is Timed Net /Condition Event Systems (TNCES), due to both its modular nature and its ability to express concurrent behaviors and non-determinism. A description of the means...
This paper discusses software abstractions that facilitate the development of loosely-coupled automation systems, i.e. systems where elements can be easily added, removed, or replaced without needing widespread changes across the system. Event-oriented and service-oriented abstractions are explored as candidate approaches to provide loosely-coupled interactions and dynamic discovery. Ontologies and...
Continuous market changes has leading to a new manufacturing paradigms where the common denominator is the rapid changeover of hardware components for the adjustment of production capacity and functionality. Hardware components for final solutions have been receiving more attention than software components for control. Function blocks from the standard IEC 61499 could offer a viable solution for the...
System engineering process supported by the formal methods should improve the quality of the developed product. Here, a single step in formalization of industrial programming is highlighted together with its place in the whole framework for formal validation of industrial systems. This paper describes an algorithm of translating statement list language to the timed net condition/event systems that...
Markets nowadays demand new products with more functionality at lowest prices and in shortest times. In order to face these requirements companies should include continuous changeover in their production systems. New software paradigms applied in factory automation promise to bring the openness, flexibility and scalability required in the reconfiguration of production lines. Modularization in devices,...
The reported work is motivated by the need to rapidly (re)configure manufacturing systems in order to cope with high product mix and frequent new product introduction. One of the current obstacles for achieving systems that are rapidly reconfigurable is the need for manual reprogramming of software elements. Service-oriented architecture has been proposed as a potential technology facilitator to improve...
Analysis of the set of all cycles in a reachability graph of a system could bring new and useful insight into the system's behavior. This paper presents a method for computation of all cycles in a reachability graph. The method is based on structural reduction of the state space, followed by an encoding - decoding procedure applied to the reduced set of states. The proposed approach is believed to...
In search for optimal validation techniques, researchers try to simplify the modeling and analysis processes. Generally, the simplification is based on compact and focused problem representation, where the information may be abstracted according to the set of predefined constrains. This paper discusses the application of state space reduction to formal models of a scan-based system and in particular...
The Computer Aided Manufacturing using XML (CAMX) framework enables integrating electronics production systems using message-oriented middleware, offering standards-based communication among machines and control software applications. CAMX frameworks implement publish/subscribe of XML messages through an entity called the message broker (MSB), which provides the messaging service using a web-based...
The IEC 61499 (function block) standard proposes an open architecture for distributed industrial-process measurement and control systems (IPMCS). The IEC 61499 defines the basic concepts and methodology for the design of modular reusable distributable systems, and paves the way for the new reconfigurable and flexible manufacturing. This paper presents the development of a software tool (IEC 61499...
This paper outlines the perspectives opened by the application of the service-orientation paradigm for realizing high-level communications between next-generation, increasingly intelligent embedded devices - it indicates how this approach can benefit the manufacturing industry - and outlines the issues and approaches for cohesively coordinating manufacturing services at various levels of the manufacturing...
The acceptance of formal methods in industry is a challenging task mainly due to difficult learning process and the lack of the tools and methods helping control engineer to interpret the results of formal verification procedure. We model existing source code of the controller and controller related information (controller model) along with controlled object (plant model) and verify modeled system...
In order to standardize communication interfaces for the electronics assembly industry, the IPC/CAMX standards have been developed. CAMX proposes standard messages defined in XML that are exchanged through Web-based message oriented middleware. A key feature of the CAMX standards is that they are extensible, enabling the implementation of enhancements while maintaining backwards compatibility. In...
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