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Pulse oximetry is a widely accepted clinical method for noninvasive monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Significant improvements aimed at curbing motion artifacts and improving reliability in detecting sufficiently strong photoplethysmographic signals are required to reduce errant measurements before the pulse oximeter can be considered for wider mobile applications. The present...
Myoelectric prostheses use the naturally occurring surface electromyogram (EMG) produced by extant muscle tissue to provide amputees control of artificial limbs. Design and testing of these devices is currently performed using function generators or the healthy EMG signal of the tester. However, these methods of testing either do not provide data representative of the intended usage or are inconvenient...
Wearable physiological monitoring using a pulse oximeter would enable field medics to monitor multiple injuries simultaneously, thereby prioritizing medical intervention when resources are limited. However, a primary factor limiting the accuracy of pulse oximetry is poor signal-to-noise ratio since photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals, from which arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR)...
Peripheral edema causes swelling in extremities that often indicates the presence of a serious medical condition. Currently, clinicians visually observe fluctuations in edema symptoms to assess edema severity. The subjective nature of these assessments hinders clinicians from accurately communicating a patient's condition to other medical professionals and leads to inconsistencies in medical treatment...
A wearable battery-operated pulse oximeter has been developed for rapid field triage applications. The wearable system comprises three units: a small (Phi = 22 mm) and lightweight (4.5 g) reflectance-mode optical sensor module (SM), a receiver module (RM), and personal digital assistant (PDA). The information acquired by the forehead-mounted SM is transmitted wirelessly via a RF link to the waist-worn...
To save life, casualty care requires that trauma injuries are accurately and expeditiously assessed in the field. This paper describes the initial bench testing of a wireless wearable pulse oximeter developed based on a small forehead mounted sensor. The battery operated device employs a lightweight optical reflectance sensor and incorporates an annular photodetector to reduce power consumption. The...
To save life, casualty care requires that trauma injuries are accurately and expeditiously assessed in the field. This paper describes the initial bench testing of a wireless wearable pulse oximeter developed based on a small forehead mounted sensor. The battery operated device employs a lightweight optical reflectance sensor and incorporates an annular photodetector to reduce power consumption. The...
Steady progress has been made towards the development of a reliable wearable pulse oximeter to aid first responders in remote monitoring and triage operations. This study was undertaken to assess how varying contact pressures affects the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal, and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) measurement errors during motion artifact inducing activity. The study...
Despite steady progress in the miniaturization of pulse oximeters over the years, significant challenges remain since advanced signal processing must be implemented efficiently in real-time by a relatively small size wearable device. The goal of this study was to investigate several potential digital signal processing algorithms for computing arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in...
To save life, casualty care requires that trauma injuries are accurately and expeditiously assessed in the field. This paper describes the initial bench testing of a wireless wearable pulse oximeter developed based on a small forehead mounted sensor. The battery operated device employs a lightweight optical reflectance sensor and incorporates an annular photodetector to reduce power consumption. The...
Despite steady progress in the miniaturization of pulse oximeters over the years, significant challenges remain since advanced signal processing must be implemented efficiently in real-time by a relatively small size wearable device. The goal of this study was to investigate several potential digital signal processing algorithms for computing arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in...
Despite steady progress in the miniaturization of pulse oximeters over the years, significant challenges remain since advanced signal processing must be implemented efficiently in real-time by a relatively small size wearable device. The goal of this study was to investigate several potential digital signal processing algorithms for computing arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in...
The integration of multiple vital physiological measurements could help combat medics and field commanders to better predict a soldier's health condition and enhance their ability to perform remote triage procedures. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of extracting accurate breathing rate information from a photoplethysmographic signal that was recorded by a reflectance pulse oximeter sensor...
An investigation is being pursued to determine the best pH sensor for assessing tissue viability during the process of reconstructive surgery. Two different pH sensors are being evaluated in a preliminary study designed to improve upon the standard glass pH electrode: an ion-selective field effect transistor (ISFET) sensor and a conventional glass electrode. Preliminary test results show that the...
Receptor function is being investigated by incorporating naturally occurring membrane-based biological recognition elements into surface structures interfaced with microelectronic substrates. Alkylsilane molecules, formulating one half of a bilayer membrane mimetic structure, were covalently bound to the surface of Si/SiO/sub 2/ electrodes and interdigitated microsensor electrode devices. In addition...
The feasibility of accurate prediction of physiological glucose concentration in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions with a pH of 7.4, maintained at 37 degrees C, was demonstrated by applying univariate and multivariate statistical methods to their mid-infrared spectra (1500-800 cm/sup -1/). Multivariate methods, partial least squares, and principal components regression produced calibration...
Albumin, ethanol, and urea were measured in-vitro using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The peak height and corresponding peak area of the spectra were computed for concentration prediction. This univariate method was compared with partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) multivariate routines. The standard errors of calibration obtained were cholesterol...
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