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University level outreach has increased over the last decade to stimulate K-12 student interest in engineering related fields. Home schooling students are one of the groups that are valued for engineering admissions due to diligent study habits and high achievement scores. However, home schooled students have inadequate access to science, math, and engineering related resources, which precludes the...
This paper provides a historical review of the evolution of the technologies that led to modern microcomputer-based medical instrumentation. I review the history of the microprocessor-based system because of the importance of the microprocessor in the design of modern medical instruments. I then give some examples of medical instruments in which the microprocessor has played a key role and in some...
In the early 1990's we developed a special computer program called UW DigiScope to provide a mechanism for anyone interested in biomedical digital signal processing to study the field without requiring any other instrument except a personal computer. There are many digital filtering and pattern recognition algorithms used in processing biomedical signals. In general, students have very limited opportunity...
This study used empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for R-peak detection in electrocardiogram signals in the presence of electromyogram-like noise. The EMG was modeled as random white Gaussian noise with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the range of around -10 dB to -20 dB. The EMD-based R-peak detection technique gives results comparable to those obtained with the Pan-Tompkins algorithm. The EMD technique...
This study used empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for filtering power line noise in electrocardiogram signals. When the signal-to-noise (SNR) is low, the power line noise is separated out as the first intrinsic mode function (IMF), but when the SNR is high, a part of the signal along with the noise is decomposed as the first IMF. To overcome this problem, we add a pseudo noise at a frequency higher...
We have studied the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a potential biometric for human identity verification. This research investigates the relationship between ECG biometric features and body mass index (BMI) using correlation analysis and linear regression methods. Using our ECG database of 168 normal healthy people (113 females and 55 males), we studied normalized features extracted from a one-lead, resting,...
This work presents a technique for synthesizing realistic electrocardiogram (ECG) signals by morphing two different real ECG signals. The two parent signals are interpolated using spline approximation and then over-sampled. The characteristic feature points are extracted manually from the signals and they are partitioned into component curves between the feature points. The component curves are sampled...
CORDIC-based adaptive lattice prediction algorithms and a pipelined CORDIC architecture for unnormalized lattice predictors are presented. One directly updates the CORDIC rotation angles theta /sub i/, i=1 . . . N, rather than the predictor unnormalized reflection coefficients, k/sub i/=tanh theta /sub i/. This updating scheme guarantees the minimum phase condition and will take full advantage of...
A test was conducted of a Hercules Orthoflex capacitive sensor used to measure pressure distribution under the foot for gait analysis and sensory substitution. Maximal nonlinearity for the sensor is 16%, and maximal hysteresis is 10% over the pressure range 0 to 1.3 MPa. Seven transducers in each shoe determine the distribution of pressure.<<ETX>>
An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) method is considered in which 32 electrodes are placed around the thorax, currents are injected, and voltages are measured to reconstruct a cross-sectional image of resistivity. The authors solve the forward problem using the finite-element method (FEM). The number of elements determines the spatial resolution of the resistivity image. An adaptive current-injection...
An investigation has been made of multiple-electrode system to monitor the impedance changes corresponding to volume changes of the urinary bladder, using a finite-element model of the human body. The authors used an adaptive method for determining the optimal currents which would provide maximal impedance changes. They present simulation results and discuss the relationships between impedance change...
The authors have investigated the use of an adaptive filter to whiten the noise in the ECG (electrocardiogram) signal and adjust the matched filter response accordingly. They applied a simple QRS detection strategy to the filtered signal and evaluated the QRS detector with ECG data containing severe motion artifact and muscle noise. Preliminary results indicate that in the presence of severe motion...
The authors have characterized the performance of the commercially available Interlink pressure sensor. The sensor costs less than $1. It is 0.25-mm thick, is light and flexible, and can be customized for a wider range of applications. The resistance-versus-pressure characteristic of the sensor is logarithmic. The operating range is from 0 to 2 MPa. The hysteresis is 8% and the nonrepeatability is...
The authors have developed a 12-lead simulator which can be used as a standard signal generator for testing ECG (electrocardiogram) analysis systems. The simulated waveforms, which are based on the Minnesota codes, are realistic-looking ECGs. With this simulator it is possible to choose from any one of about 100 Minnesota codes. Through an interactive interface, one can set the heart rate (20 to 300...
The authors have developed a portable, microprocessor-based data-acquisition system to measure pressures between the foot and shoe of ambulatory subjects. They attached seven pressure sensors to the surface of each insole of a pair of extra-deep shoes. They were located under the center of the heel, the five metatarsal heads, and the big toe of each foot. This system continuously collects raw pressure...
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