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Intramolecular proton transfer of heme-copper oxidases is performed via the K- and the transmembrane D-channels. A carboxyl group conserved in a subgroup of heme-copper oxidases, located within the D-channel close to the binuclear center (=glutamic acid-286 in cytochrome bo 3 from Escherichia coli) is essential for proton pumping. Upon electron transfer to the fully oxidized (FO) enzyme, this...