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Stonustoxin (SNTX), a peptide toxin isolated from the venom of the stonefish, Synanceja horrida, has previously been shown to cause contractures in both skeletal and smooth muscle. In the present study, isolated chick biventer cervicis muscles (CBCM) and strips of rat aorta were exposed to SNTX 10 μg/ml for 30 min, and the tissues were then fixed and processed for examination under a transmission...
Stonustoxin (SNTX), a lethal factor purified from the venom of stonefish Synanceja horrida, is a protein (148,000 mol. wt) existing as a dimer comprising two subunits (α and β) of mol. wts 71,000 and 79,000, respectively. Its ld 50 (i.v.) is 17 ng/g in mice and it causes haemolysis of rat and rabbit erythrocytes in vitro. Eight monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against SNTX have been developed...
A highly potent toxin isolated from Lophozozymus pictor (LPTX) was shown to be cytotoxic to HeLa and Rat 1 cells. The toxin also promoted the release of K + from HeLa cells. LPTX-treated cells showed morphological changes (increased granulation, cell rounding, vacuolization and swelling) which resulted in cell lysis. Cell damage was also monitored by trypan blue exclusion. Prior to observable...
The stonefish, Synanceja horrida, is found in the shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific regions. Case studies of stonefish envenomation through stings of the spines reported intense swelling at the site of the stings and in fatal cases a feeling of chest constriction, respiratory distress, convulsions and death within a few hours. A number of interesting biological activities (haemolytic, oedemic,...
Magnificalysin I and II (HMg I and II) and equinatoxin II (EqTx II) are cytolytic toxins extracted from sea anemones Heteractis magnifica and Actinia equina, respectively. They induced haemolysis in rat red blood cells and inhibited gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and choline uptake into rat brain synaptosomes. These effects were concentration dependent. The inhibition of GABA and choline uptake...
Purified Lophozozymus pictor toxin (LPTX) shares many properties similar to palytoxin (PTX). LPTX and palytoxin isolated from Palythoa caribaeorum (C-PTX) have similar mol. wts of approx. 2680 on ionspray mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, antibodies against PTX could recognize and bind LPTX. Mixed mode high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of LPTX, C-PTX and H-PTX (isolated fromPalythoa...
Stonustoxin (SNTX) is a 148,000 mol. wt lethal factor isolated from Synanceja horrida venom. It induces species-restricted red cell haemolysis which correlates with its effects on platelet aggregation in whole blood. SNTX induced a concentration-dependent and irreversible platelet aggregation in rabbit or rat but not in human or mouse whole blood. The degree of haemolysis and platelet aggregation...