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Mucosa, comprising epithelial and dendritic cells, are the major sites for Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. There, DCs can capture incoming HIV-1 and in turn transfer virus to CD4 + T lymphocytes in a two-phase process, thereby initiating HIV-1 dissemination. We show that the glycosphingolipid Galactosyl Ceramide (GalCer), acting as mucosal epithelial receptor for...