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In this chapter, we analyse a data set consisting of signs of badger (Meles meles; see Fig. 22.1) activity around farms. The data are longitudinal and from multiple farms; so it is likely a temporal correlation structure is required. The response variable is binary; the presence or absence of badger activity. The dataset comes from a survey carried out on 36 farms over 8 consecutive seasons running...
Common or harbour seals (Phoca vitulina L.) are semi-aquatic mammals that spend time onshore at terrestrial sites where they haul-out to rest, breed, moult, engage in social activity, and escape predation (Fig.23.1).
This chapter analyses amphibian fatalities along a road in Portugal. The data are counts of kills making a Gaussian distribution unlikely; restricting our choice of techniques. We began with generalised linear models (GLM) and generalised additive models (GAM) with a Poisson distribution, but these models were overdispersed. To solve this, you can either apply a quasi-Poisson GLM or GAM, or use the...
In this chapter, we apply mixed modelling to honeybee data. The data are considered nested because multiple observations were taken from the same hive. A total of 24 hives were sampled.
The oceans, with a mean depth of 3,729 m and extending to a maximum depth of 11 km comprise the largest habitat on earth. The distribution of living organisms in this vast environment is far from uniform and description of this variation in space and time is challenging, both from the point of view of sampling and of statistical analysis. Most life in the oceans is dependent on primary production...
A catchment is an area of land defined by the origins and discharges of all tributary streams feeding large rivers flowing into the sea. It is therefore a natural bio-physical unit distinct from adjacent catchments and forms the obvious basis for integrated environmental management policies. In Europe, river catchments tend to be dominated by agriculture, at least at lower altitudes. In the case of...
In the previous case study, we showed how multiple samples from bacteria in honey bees from the same hive gave a nested data structure, and mixed modelling techniques were applied to allow for correlations between observations from the same hive. The bee data provided an example of two-way nested data, and the underlying theory for this was discussed in Chapter 5. In this chapter, we go one step further...
This work is devoted to the new approach for the description of voltammograms with overlapped peaks of individual analytes. The prediction of individual concentration is achieved by decomposition of entire voltammogram using radial basis function approach followed by fitting the curves using linear model and artificial neural net. The analytical case study is the direct determination of three phenolic...
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes based on glassy carbon electrode covered with electropolymerized polyaniline and tetrasubstituted thiacalix[4]arene ionophores with hexyl and o-pyridylamido functional groups at the lower rim have been developed and examined in the discrimination of the brands of apple juices and herbal liqueurs. For this purpose, the liquids tested were diluted and spiked with...
In the southern Urals, the allochthonous ophiolite belt at the junction between the Uralides and the East European continental margin includes lherzolite (Kraka, Nurali, Mindyak, etc.) and harzburgite, or lherzolite-harzburgite (Khabarny, Kempersay, etc.) massifs. Over a distance of 300 km, all the lherzolite massifs are uniform in their structure and composition. They show similar patterns of plastic...
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