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An ionic polymer-metal composite (abbreviated IPMC) is a smart material consisting of two layers of noble metal and an ion-conducting layer between them. Smart materials are generally capable of actuating and sensing. Mechanical deformation of the IPMC beam produces an electrical potential difference (in the order of mV) proportional to the deformation of the ion-conducting layer. In this paper, the...
Applications of dielectric elastomer (DE) actuators are presented in this paper. Dielectric elastomers (a type of electroactive polymer) are one the most promising smart materials. They consist of two flexible electrodes and a dielectric film between them. After applying voltage (3–5 kV) to the electrodes, the thickness of the polymer layer lowers. Changes of the thickness can be indirectly measured...
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