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Upgrading of oil sand bitumen was examined using a catalyst consisting of CeO2–ZrO2–Al2O3–FeOX and sub- and super-critical water in two reactor types: batch-type and fixed-bed flow-type. Bitumen diluted with benzene was used as a feedstock, and the effects of reaction pressure and temperature on product yield were investigated. Under conditions of high pressure (approximately 19MPa), catalytic decomposition...
Production of lighter hydrocarbons were maximized by steam-assisted catalytic cracking of heavy oil over silane treated Beta catalysts. Steaming environment may cause dealumination of zeolites and affect the stability of zeolites. Herein, we improved the hydrophobicity and stability of the Beta zeolite catalyst (SiO2/Al2O3=150) by modifying its surface using triphenyl silane through vapor phase deposition...
Heavy oil upgrading was examined over titania–zirconia mixed oxide (TiO2–ZrO2) catalysts using fixed-bed flow-type reactors. Catalytic cracking of atmospheric residual oil (AR) and oil sand bitumen into lighter fuels such as gas oil and vacuum gas oil (VGO) was carried out in a superheated steam. The upgrading mechanisms were found to occur by carbon–carbon bond cleavage and naphthalene-ring opening...
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