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Each of the six COSMIC satellites carries one GPS receiver with two antennas for orbit determination (OD) and another two antennas for radio occultation. In this paper we describe the features of the GPS data associated with COSMIC satellite attitude. Method and results of the precise orbit determination for the COSMIC satellites using the tracking data from both OD GPS antennas are presented. Special...
Extreme solar flares can cause extreme ionospheric effects. The Oct 28, 2003 flare caused a ∼25 TECU (a total electron content unit is 10 16 electron/m 2 column density), or a ∼30%, increase in the local noon equatorial ionospheric column density. This enhancement occurred within ∼5min. This TEC increase was ∼5 times the TEC increases detected for the Oct 29, 2003, Nov 4, 2003, and...
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