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A series of Mg-doped LiNbO 3 crystals were grown using Czochralski method with fixed 5mol% Mg doping and a variety of Li/Nb ratio (Li/Nb = 0.946–1.08). From the UV–vis absorption spectra, it is found that the absorption edges of the off-congruent crystals successively shift to the violet band in comparison with that of congruent pure LiNbO 3 . The birefringence gradient of these crystals...