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Pathogenicity of influenza B virus was examined in cynomolgus macaques to establish a macaque model suitable for vaccine and antiviral drug development. We prepared influenza B viruses for inoculation with minimal passages after isolation from patients. Macaques inoculated with influenza B virus showed higher body temperature than that before infection for 6 to 12days. Virus was detected in nasal,...
Little is known about the relation between the activities of certain enzymes involved in endogenous fatty acid synthesis and metabolic risk factors, particularly in young adults and non-Western populations. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the associations between estimated desaturase and elongase activities and metabolic risk factors in young Japanese women. The subjects were 640 female...
High glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates may increase brain serotonin, which in turn acts to alleviate premenstrual symptoms, because, although the main determinant of brain serotonin concentration is a high plasma ratio of tryptophan to other large neutral amino acids, a high-GI diet has been shown to increase this ratio. In this observational cross-sectional study, we investigated associations between...
Little is known about the relation of dietary factors to circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in young adults and non-Western populations. We cross-sectionally examined associations between dietary intake and serum CRP concentrations in young Japanese women. The subjects were 443 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18 to 22 years. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated, self-administered,...
Although urinary creatinine has been used to identify incomplete 24-h urine in numerous epidemiologic studies, information on its utility is limited. We examined the sensitivity and specificity of several strategies that use creatinine to identify incomplete urine using the p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) check method as reference.Subjects were 654 female Japanese dietetic students 18–22 y of age. A single...
Little is known about the relation of modifiable dietary factors to circulating leptin concentrations, particularly in young adults and non-Western populations. We examined cross-sectional associations between nutrient and food intake and serum leptin concentration in young Japanese women.Subjects were 424 female Japanese dietetic students 18–22 y of age. Intake of macronutrients (protein, total fat;...
A divalent cation-selective electrode, which utilizes a lipophilic resin as a matrix for the sensing membrane, and which has long-term stability has been developed. The sensing membrane is a lipophilic acrylate resin which is impregnated with a solution of 1-decylalcohol and the calcium salt of bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl] phosphate at concentrations of 0.08 g ml −1 each. The electrode...
A solid-state nitrate ion-selective electrode based on an Urushi matrix membrane was developed. Urushi, a natural oriental lacquer, has excellent mechanical strength and binding affinity for metal electrodes. Using the same technique for a dip-coating ion-selective electrode, an electrode was prepared by coating and hardening a sensing membrane on the metal base. The effects of the metal electrode...
The best reproducible technology of pH measurement for precise pH buffer solutions regulated by Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) was studied. A pH meter was devised with a high resolution of ± 0.0001 pH. An 18-bit analog-to-digital converter is used, one-bit resolution corresponding to 0.0019 mV (ca. 0.000032 pH) against an input electrode potential ± 500 mV. Digital data were treated smoothly...
A porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) junction reference electrode with an air-tight inner solution chamber containing saturated potassium chloride (KCl) was developed for flow analysis. This reference electrode is not influenced by a change in the sample pressure, and is not necessary to supply the KCl inner solution. The pore size of the porous PTFE junction is about 150 μm, although the conventional...
When a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode was used continuously in a low conductivity solution or reductive solution, it was often observed that stability of the liquid junction potential was lost. This phenomenon was remarkable with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode compared to a calomel reference electrode. We found that 340 mg 1 -1 of silver was dissolved in 3 M potassium...
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