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The H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was isolated for the first time in Egypt in 2006, since then, the virus has become endemic causing a significant threat to the poultry industry and humans. H5N1 HPAI outbreaks continue to occur despite extensive vaccination programs that have been implemented nationwide in different poultry species. Several studies showed that the co-circulating...
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Egypt circulated continuously after its introduction in February 2006 with substantial economic losses and frequent human infections. Phylogenetic analysis of the available HA sequences revealed the presence of two main sublineages; the classic 2.2.1 and the variant 2.2.1.1. The classic 2.2.1 had subdivided into two clusters of viruses; cluster...
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