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During the 1993–1994 flu season, influenza A/H3N2 viruses emerged with an amino acid substitution (R384G) at the anchor residue of the HLA-B*2705 restricted NP 383–391 epitope located in the nucleoprotein (NP). The R384G substitution reached fixation rapidly and abrogated recognition of A/H3N2 viruses by NP 383–391 -specific CD8+ T cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) completely. To test...
A candidate influenza H5N1 vaccine based on cell-culture-derived whole inactivated virus and the novel adjuvant CoVaccineHT™ was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. To this end, mice were vaccinated with the whole inactivated influenza A/H5N1 virus vaccine with and without CoVaccineHT™ and virus-specific antibody and cellular immune responses were assessed. The addition of CoVaccineHT™ increased virus...
The use of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-inducing vaccines could afford both homo- and heterosubtypic immunity. However, amino acid variation in CTL epitopes associated with escape from CTL-mediated immunity might undermine the use of these vaccines. To assess the impact of amino acid substitutions in highly conserved epitopes on viral fitness and recognition by specific CTL, we performed a mutational...
In the present paper, an in vitro model was established in which the interaction between influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells and human airway epithelial cells can be studied. To this end, the human lung epithelial cell line A549 was transduced with the HLA-A*0201 gene. This MHC class I allele is involved in the presentation of the immunodominant M1 58-66 cytotoxic T lymphocyte...
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