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The objective of the study was to investigate bone strength at four different skeletal sites in a chronic animal model of urinary diversion. Young male Wistar rats (120) were allocated randomly to four groups undergoing ileocystoplasty; ileocystoplasty and resection of the ileocecal segment; colocystoplasty; or sham operation (controls). After 8 months the lumbar vertebrae, femora, and tibiae were...
To investigate whether vertical trabeculae undergo compensatory thickening with age in the human vertebral body, a new computerized method was developed that is able to distinguish between horizontal and vertical trabeculae on normal histological sections. Study subjects included 48 individuals (24 women aged 19-97 years, and 24 men aged 23-95 years). From each L-2, thick frontal sections of half...
We have previously shown that there are pronounced age-related changes in human vertebral cancellous bone density and microarchitecture. However, the magnitude of these changes seemed to be dependent on zone location in the vertebral body-the central third vs. the areas adjacent to the endplates. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate whether such zone-specific differences could...
The study investigates the relationship between static histomorphometry and bone strength of human lumbar vertebral bone. The ability of vertebral histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was compared with that of vertebral densitometry, and also with histomorphometry and bone strength of iliac crest bone biopsies. The material comprised matched sets of second lumbar vertebrae, third lumbar...
We recently developed a new, rapid method for conducting static histomorphometry on large histologic sections. This method has now been applied on both iliac crest and lumbar vertebral bone to compare the age-related changes at these two skeletal sites and to investigate the correlation between the histomorphometric measures at the iliac crest and the vertebral body. The material comprised matched...
The effect of growth hormone (GH) on secondary fracture healing and callus formation has been demonstrated in several previously investigated animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate and quantify the effects of GH on bone regenerates in a distraction osteogenesis model. In 20 mature female Yucatan micropigs, the tibia and fibula were osteotomized, stabilized with an external fixator,...
The aim of the present study was to assess the skeletal effects of alimentary zinc depletion and supplementation in an animal model of intact, growing rats. The study was planned as a dose-response study. Thirty-six male Wistar rats, 4 weeks old, were divided into three groups of 12 rats each. The rats had free access to a semisynthetic diet with different amounts of zinc added. Group 1 was given...
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) or synthetic N-terminal PTH fragments administered intermittently have been established as anabolic agents in animal and human bones. In the present study, the influence of a low calcium diet on the anabolic effect of human PTH(1-38) [hPTH(1-38)] was investigated. Forty-eight 10-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a diet with a low calcium content...
Aging of the human skeleton is characterized by decreased boneformation and bone mass and these changes are more pronounced inpatients with osteoporosis. As osteoblasts and adipocytes share a commonprecursor cell in the bone marrow, we hypothesized that decreased boneformation observed during aging and in patients with osteoporosis is theresult of enhanced adipognesis versus osteoblastogenesis from...
Aging is associated with decreased trabecular bone mass and increased adipocyte formation in bone marrow. As osteoblasts and adipocytes share common precursor cells present in the bone marrow stroma, it has been proposed that an inverse relationship exists between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied mice treated with troglitazone (n = 9) given as...
Immobilization leads to rapid loss of bone mass and mechanical competence, and long-term immobilization or repeated periods of short-term immobilization can have serious skeletal consequences and may lead to increased fracture liability. The aim of the present preclinical study was, therefore, to assess whether two antiresorptive agents, risedronate (Ris) or alendronate (Aln), would be capable of...
Diabetes is associated with low bone formation. In this study we investigate the effect of additional or reduced mechanical loading on indices of bone formation and resorption, bone mass, and biomechanical properties in spontaneously diabetic BB rats. Female diabetic (mean age 13 weeks) and age-matched control rats were each allocated to three experimental groups: no-intervention; supervised running...
The aim of the present study was to assess age-related changes in the human spine by use of established static histomorphometry, and to determine how these static histomorphometric measures are interrelated in human cancellous bone tissue. The material comprised normal human lumbar vertebral bodies (L-2) from 12 women (19-96 years) and 12 men (23-91 years) selected from a larger autopsy material to...
The severely osteoporotic human skeleton is characterized by thin cortices and a very fragile cancellous framework. To increase the biomechanical competence of such a skeleton, powerful anabolic agents are needed. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH), growth hormone (GH) and combination treatment with PTH and GH in an aged, rat model with established...
Bone densitometry with DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and QCT (quantitative computed tomography) techniques are used for in vivo assessment of bone strength and thereby prediction of fracture risk. However, only few in vitro studies have investigated and compared these techniques' ability to determine vertebral compressive strength. The aim of the present study was to (1) assess the predictive...
The aim of the study was to assess the long-term anabolic effect of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) analog SDZ PTS 893 in a dose-response manner, and to determine the ability of the antiresorptive agents estradiol and alendronate to maintain bone mass after withdrawal of SDZ PTS 893. One hundred thirty retired breeder Wistar rats were distributed into 13 groups with 10 rats in each group: 1 baseline...
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of growth hormone (GH), voluntary exercise (Ex), and the combination of GH and Ex on bone strength, mass, and dimensions in aged, intact female rats. In addition, the effect of food restriction (FR) was studied. Fourteen-month-old virgin F-344 rats were divided into 6 groups with 13 animals in each: (1) baseline (BSL); (2) control + solvent vehicle (CTRL);...
Abstract. The metabolism of bone collagen has received little attention in relation to age-related loss of bone mass and strength. The aim of the present study was to analyze bone collagen content and metabolism in human bone with respect to age. The material consisted of iliac crest bone biopsies from 94 individuals: 46 women (ages 1896, mean age 60.8 years) and 48 men (ages 2392, mean age 59.5 years)...
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of growth hormone (GH) as restorative therapy in an aged, ovariectomized rat model with established osteopenia. The study was planned as a dose-response study, and four different skeletal sites were investigated by mechanical testing and measurements of bone mass and dimensions. Twelve-month-old virgin F344 rats were divided into eight groups with ten...
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