Search results for: Arubala P. Reddy

Items from 1 to 19 out of 19 results

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GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCE IN SEROTONIN NEUROTRANSMITTER IN DORSAL RAPHE OF POSTMORTEM HUMAN AND NONHUMAN PRIMATES

Arubala P. Reddy, Hemachandra Reddy

Alzheimer's & Dementia > 2017 > 13 > 7(S) > P989

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A critical evaluation of neuroprotective and neurodegenerative MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's disease

P. Hemachandra Reddy, Sahil Tonk, Subodh Kumar, Murali Vijayan, more

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications > 2017 > 483 > 4 > 1156-1165

Currently, 5.4 million Americans suffer from AD, and these numbers are expected to increase up to 16 million by 2050. Despite tremendous research efforts, we still do not have drugs or agents that can delay, or prevent AD and its progression, and we still do not have early detectable biomarkers for AD. Multiple cellular changes have been implicated in AD, including synaptic damage, mitochondrial damage,...

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MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF SEROTONIN CELL LINES: POTENTIAL CELL MODEL FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION TO STUDY TARGETS FOR MENTAL HEALTH

Arubala P. Reddy, Cynthia Bethea

Alzheimer's & Dementia > 2016 > 12 > 7(S) > P443-P444

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PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITOR AND NEUROSTEROIDS AGAINST ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE NEURONS

Arubala P. Reddy, Maria Manczak, XiangLing Yin, Hemachandra Reddy

Alzheimer's & Dementia > 2016 > 12 > 7(S) > P651

article

Ovarian steroids regulate gene expression in the dorsal raphe of old female macaques

Cynthia L. Bethea, Steven G. Kohama, Arubala P. Reddy, Henryk F. Urbanski

Neurobiology of Aging > 2016 > 37 > C > 179-191

With extended life spans in modern humans, menopause has become a significant risk factor for depression, anxiety, loss of cognitive functions, weight gain, metabolic disease, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical studies have found beneficial neural effects of ovarian steroid hormone therapy (HT) during the menopausal transition and data are emerging that...

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High fat diet decreases beneficial effects of estrogen on serotonin-related gene expression in marmosets

Cynthia L. Bethea, Arubala P. Reddy, Matthew Flowers, Robert A. Shapiro, more

Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry > 2015 > 58 > Complete > 71-80

The administration of estradiol-17β (E) to animal models after loss of ovarian steroid production has many beneficial effects on neural functions, particularly in the serotonin system in nonhuman primates (NHPs). E also has anorexic effects, although the mechanism of action is not well defined. In the US, obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and blame is partially directed at the Western style...

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The effect of short moderate stress on the midbrain corticotropin-releasing factor system in a macaque model of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

Cynthia L. Bethea, Kenny Phu, Arubala P. Reddy, Judy L. Cameron

Fertility and Sterility > 2013 > 100 > 4 > 1111-1121.e2

To study the effect of moderate stress on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) components in the serotonergic midbrain region in a monkey model of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.After characterization of stress sensitivity, monkeys were moved to a novel room and given 20% less chow for 5 days before euthanasia.Primate research center.Female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) characterized...

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The effect of short-term stress on serotonin gene expression in high and low resilient macaques

Cynthia L. Bethea, Kenny Phu, Arubala P. Reddy, Judy L. Cameron

Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry > 2013 > 44 > Complete > 143-153

Female cynomolgus monkeys exhibit different degrees of reproductive dysfunction with moderate metabolic and psychosocial stress. When stressed with a paradigm of relocation and diet for 60days, or 2 menstrual cycles, highly stress resilient monkeys continue to ovulate during both stress cycles (HSR); medium stress resilient monkeys ovulate once (MSR) and stress sensitive monkeys do not ovulate for...

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The effect of long-term ovariectomy on midbrain stress systems in free ranging macaques

Cynthia L. Bethea, Arubala P. Reddy

Brain Research > 2012 > 1488 > Complete > 24-37

Communication between the serotonin system and the CRF system plays a pivotal role in the mediation of stress and stress reactivity. CRF appears to be inhibitory of serotonin neurotransmission through the CRF receptor type 1 (CRF-R1). Serotonin neurons also detect the urocortins, which are thought to be anxiolytic. Components of the CRF system in the serotonergic dorsal raphe region were examined...

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Effect of ovarian steroids on gene expression related to synapse assembly in serotonin neurons of macaques

Cynthia L. Bethea, Arubala P. Reddy

Journal of Neuroscience Research > 90 > 7 > 1324 - 1334

Dendritic spines are the elementary structural units of neural plasticity. In a model of hormone replacement therapy (HT), we sought to determine the effect of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) on gene expression related to synapse assembly in a laser‐captured preparation enriched for serotonin neurons from rhesus macaques. Microarray analysis was conducted (n = 2 animals/treatment), and the results...

article

Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and synaptic degeneration as early events in Alzheimer's disease: Implications to mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapeutics

P. Hemachandra Reddy, Raghav Tripathi, Quang Troung, Karuna Tirumala, more

BBA - Molecular Basis of Disease > 2012 > 1822 > 5 > 639-649

Synaptic pathology and mitochondrial oxidative damage are early events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Loss of synapses and synaptic damage are the best correlates of cognitive deficits found in AD patients. Recent research on amyloid beta (Aβ) and mitochondria in AD revealed that Aβ accumulates in synapses and synaptic mitochondria, leading to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and synaptic...

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Ovarian steroids increase glutamatergic related gene expression in serotonin neurons of macaques

Cynthia L. Bethea, Arubala P. Reddy

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience > 2012 > 49 > 3 > 251-262

Dendritic spines are the elementary structural units of neuronal plasticity and their proliferation and stabilization involve components of glutamate neurotransmission. In a model of hormone replacement therapy (HT), we sought the effect of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) on gene expression related to glutamate neurotransmission in a laser captured preparation enriched for serotonin neurons from...

article

Effects of citalopram on serotonin and CRF systems in the midbrain of primates with differences in stress sensitivity

Cynthia L. Bethea, Fernanda B. Lima, Maria L. Centeno, Karin V. Weissheimer, more

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy > 2011 > 41 > 4 > 200-218

This chapter reviews the neurobiological effects of stress sensitivity and s-citalpram (CIT) treatment observed in our nonhuman primate model of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). This type of infertility, also known as stress-induced amenorrhea, is exhibited by cynomolgus macaques. In small populations, some individuals are stress-sensitive (SS) and others are highly stress-resilient (HSR)...

article

Protective actions of ovarian hormones in the serotonin system of macaques

Cynthia L. Bethea, Arubala P. Reddy, Yukari Tokuyama, Jessica A. Henderson, more

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology > 2009 > 30 > 2 > 212-238

The serotonin neurons of the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei project to all areas of the forebrain and play a key role in mood disorders. Hence, any loss or degeneration of serotonin neurons could have profound ramifications. In a monkey model of surgical menopause with hormone replacement and no neural injury, E and P decreased gene expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus of c-jun n-terminal kinase...

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Expression profile of differentiating serotonin neurons derived from rhesus embryonic stem cells and comparison to adult serotonin neurons

Cynthia L. Bethea, Arubala P. Reddy, Darlene Pedersen, Yukari Tokuyama

Gene Expression Patterns > 2009 > 9 > 2 > 94-108

The rhesus monkey embryonic stem cell line 366.4 differentiates into serotonin neurons. We examined the genetic cascade during differentiation and compared ESC-derived serotonin neurons to adult monkey serotonin neurons. RNA was extracted from ESC colonies, embryoid bodies (EBs), neurospheres in selection (N1) and proliferation stages (N2), differentiated serotonin neurons (N3) and from laser captured...

article

Serotonin in microdialysate from the mediobasal hypothalamus increases after progesterone administration to estrogen primed macaques

Maria Luisa Centeno, Arubala P. Reddy, Lisa J. Smith, Rachel L. Sanchez, more

European Journal of Pharmacology > 2007 > 555 > 1 > 67-75

Estrogen and progesterone act on gene and protein expression in serotonin neurons in a manner that suggests serotonin neurotransmission should increase. However, measurement of extracellular serotonin in macaques was lacking. Elevated prolactin secretion can be an indicator of increased serotonergic function and prolactin is increased by combined estrogen and progesterone treatment. We examined extracellular...

article

A second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform, TPH-2 mRNA, is increased by ovarian steroids in the raphe region of macaques

Rachel L. Sanchez, Arubala P. Reddy, Maria L. Centeno, Jessica A. Henderson, more

Molecular Brain Research > 2005 > 135 > 1-2 > 194-203

Recently, a second gene that codes for the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis was found in brain, named tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH-2). We sequenced overlapping segments (251 and 510 bp) of 5′ monkey TPH-2 and questioned whether TPH-2 is regulated by estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) in serotonin neurons of macaques. Monkey TPH-2 was 97% homologous to human TPH-2 and 65% homologous to monkey...

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Preliminary array analysis reveals novel genes regulated by ovarian steroids in the monkey raphe region

Arubala P. Reddy, Cynthia L. Bethea

Psychopharmacology > 2005 > 180 > 1 > 125-140

We hypothesize that ovarian hormones may improve serotonin neuron survival. We sought the effect of estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) on novel gene expression in the macaque dorsal raphe region with Affymetrix array analysis. Nine spayed rhesus macaques were treated with either placebo, E or E+P via Silastic implant for 1 month prior to euthanasia (n=3 per treatment). RNA was extracted from a small...

article

Serotonin neurons derived from rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells: similarities to CNS serotonin neurons

Ugur Salli, Arubala P. Reddy, Nurgul Salli, Nick Z. Lu, more

Experimental Neurology > 2004 > 188 > 2 > 351-364

We sought an in vitro primate model for serotonin neurons. Rhesus monkey embryonic stem (ES) cell colonies were isolated and differentiated into embryoid bodies (EBs), then transferred to serum-free medium with 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium for 7 days to induce neural precursor cell (NPC) formation. NPCs were cultured in medium with 1% N-2 neural supplement and human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2,...

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