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We have measured the effects of three times the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on cilia beat frequency of human nasal epithelial brushings from 18 healthy adult patients. Using the transmitted light technique and paired perfusion chambers, the cilia were exposed to 2.25% halothane, 5% enflurane or 3.6% isoflurane in air, or air alone, in a controlled and...