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Dark fermentation of microcrystalline cellulose to produce biohydrogen using mono-culture or co-culture of isolated strains was studied. A strain (X9) with high hydrogen yield from microcrystalline cellulose was isolated and identified to be closely affiliated with Clostridium acetobutylicum, ATCC 824. At 37∘C and pH 5.0, the mono-culture of X9 yields hydrogen with a 5-h time lag and end liquid products...