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Among the many cellular actions of volatile anesthetics (VAs), inhibition of neurotransmitter release is one of the least understood. The presynaptic release machinery has been proposed as a presynaptic VA target. We have found that the effects of clinical concentrations of VAs on locomotion in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are markedly reduced by mutation of the presynaptic SNARE protein syntaxin-1A...