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We investigated the molecular mechanism for the synergistic induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription by TNF-α and IFN-γ. Since TNF-α and IFN-γ stimulate cells in part by activating NF-κB and IRF-1, we hypothesized that these two transcription factors interact with each other. IRF-1 and NF-κB co-localize in the nucleus of stimulated macrophages. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments...
Although nitric oxide (NO) kills or inhibits the replication of a variety of intracellular pathogens, the antimicrobial mechanisms of NO are unknown. Here, we identify a viral protease as a target of NO. The life cycle of many viruses depends upon viral proteases that cleave viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides. NO inactivates the Coxsackievirus protease 3C, an enzyme necessary for the...
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