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Magnetic stimulation, as a means of evoking neuromuscular activity, has an advantage over direct electrical stimulation in that the stimulator need not directly contact the neural tissue. However, the high energy levels and large magnetic coils needed to elicit a response hinder the use of implantable magnetic stimulators for functional neural stimulation. Our group has previously reported a µm-scale...
Magnetic stimulation is an evolving, non-invasive neural stimulation technology used for clinical applications, including brain mapping, treatment of mood disorders, epilepsy, and chronic pain. Based on the induction principle, magnetic stimulation induces electric fields in the conductive tissue due to the time-varying current in the magnetic coil. It requires the magnetic coil to be in close proximity...
Neural stimulators are the key building blocks of current neuroprosthetic systems, such as cochlear and retinal implants. Due to direct current injections and foreign body reactions, conventional current passing electrodes suffer from reduced performance and reduced lifetimes. However, magnetic fields can be used as an alternative technique to induce currents in neural tissues with the goal of stimulating...
A fully integrated, wireless neural interface device is being developed to free patients from the restriction and risk of infection associated with a transcutaneous wired connection. This device requires a hermetic, biocompatible encapsulation layer at the interface between the device and the neural tissue to maintain long-term recording/stimulating performance of the device. Hydrogenated amorphous...
Inspired by optical recordings from visual cortex which show maps of orientation selectivity, and the finding that very similar patterns of population activity occur when the neurons fire spontaneously [T. Kenet, D. Bibitchkov, M. Tsodyks, A. Grinvald, A. Arieli, Spontaneously emerging cortical representations of visual attributes, Nature 425 (2003) 954–956], we approach the question of how the concept...
The authors have developed a single-chip neural recording system with wireless power delivery and telemetry. The 0.5-mum CMOS IC is designed to be bonded to the back of a 100-channel Utah electrode array. A pad near each amplifier allows connection of the chip to the MEMS electrode array. The complete integrated neural interface receives power wirelessly through a 2.64-MHz inductive link. A clock,...
One requirement of a chronically implantable, wireless neural interface device is the integration of electronic circuitry with the microelectrode array. Since the electronic IC dissipates a certain amount of power, it will affect the temperature in the tissues surrounding the implant site. In this paper, the thermal influence of an integrated, 3-dimensional Utah electrode array, to be implanted in...
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